Opportunity Network Application Essay Example for Free

Opportunity Network Application EssayThe best-selling cause and motivational speaker Roger Crawford once said, Being challenged in life is inevitable, being defeated is optional. I have encountered numerous obstacles in my life, but none were as difficult as get wording my second language, English. When I moved to the United States in 2009, I knew no English. Thus, my dad enrolled me into a bilingual school, hoping that I would learn English quickly with the help of Chinese-speaking teachers. Instead, all of my classmates spoke in Chinese and so I learned English much more slowly. By the cartridge clip I entered high school, my relatively poorer English skills prevented me from doing homework efficiently and making friends. After half a year, my teachers noticed how depressed I was. They helped boost my egotism by complimenting my academic achievement.That was when I realized I had strengths, too. I began striving for excellence, because I realized that my dedication and har d work would ultimately be recognize and rewarded. Gradually, more classmates talked to me and I began to feel like I belonged in my community. I am grateful for this challenge as it opened my heart and taught me to be determined. non only do I like making new friends, I also like challenges. Even though some challenges seem beyond my reach, I demand myself to do the best I can. I dont always succeed, but I see each challenge as a learning experience. I know that, as a Chinese proverb says, an intense storm is always followed by a beautiful rainbow.

Italy and Japan Essay Example for Free

Italy and Japan Essay military personnel fight II caused greater destruction than any other warfare in history. The war took the lives of about 17 million soldiers and an even greater number of civilians, who died as a result of bombings, starvation, and deliberate campaigns of mass murder. The war also ushered in the nuclear age and was quickly followed by the collapse of the wartime alliance between the United States and the Soviet Union and the beginning of the Cold fight. land warfare I created the conditions that lead to World fight II. The peace settlement ending the war, which stripped the Central Powers of territory and arms and required them to pay reparations, left lasting bitterness in Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Turkey. The peace treaty also disappointed two of the victors, Italy and Japan. In addition, the war severely disrupted Europes economies and helped set the stage for the Great Depression of the 1930s. General histories of the war, which att empt the wars origins, military history, and consequences, include John Keegan, The siemens World War (1989) C.L. Sulzberger and Stephen E. Ambrose, American Heritage New History of World War II (1997) and Gerhard L. Weinberg, A World at Arms A Global History of World War II (1994). Valu fitted reference works include I. C. B. Dear and M. R. D. Foot, eds. , The Oxford Companion to the Second World War (1995) John Ellis, World War II A Statistical Survey (1993) and John Keegan, ed. , The Times Atlas to the Second World War (1989). To understand the wars outcome, see Richared Overy, Why the Allies Won (1995).The most thorough and balanced recent history of the American role in World War II is David M. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear The American People in Depression and War, 1929-1945 (1999), which examines the causes of U. S. involvement in the conflict, wartime diplomacy, military strategy, and the wars economic and social implications. The question of how Japan was able to carry out it s successful surprise attack on garner Harbor is good examined in Gordon W.Prange, At Dawn We Slept The Untold Story of Pearl Harbor (1982). The wars European theater is discussed in Stephen L. McFarland and Wesley Phillips Newton, To Command the Sky The Battle for Air Superiority Over German, 1942-1944 (1991) Nathan Miller, War at Sea A marine History of World War II (1995) and James Polmar and T. B. Allen, World War II (1996). Soldiers wartime experiences are examined in Gerald F. Linderman, The World Within War Americas Combat baffle in World War II (1997).On the Pacific War, see John Dower, War Without Mercy Race and Power in the Pacific War (1986), Akira Iriye, Power and Culture The Japanese-American War, 1941-1945 (1981), and Ronald Spector, Eagle Against the Sun (1985) World War II transformed the American homefront. It jump-started the economy ended Depression-era unemployment, relocated Americans in unprecedented numbers, and permanently altered the status of women, adol escents, and racial minorities in American life. The wars impact on the homefront is analyzed in William L.ONeill, A Democracy at War Americas Fight at Home and Abroad in World War II (1993). Oral histories from the war years can be found in Studs Terkel, The Good War (1984). World War II had a dramatic impact on womens lives. The most visible change involved the appearance of large numbers of women in uniform, as more than 250,000 women joined the WACs, the Army Nurses Corps, the WAVES, and the Navy Nurses Corps. The war also challenged the conventional image of female behavior, as Rosie the Riveter became the popular symbol of women who worked in defense industries.Wartime transformations in womens lives are examined in Susan M. Hartmann, The Homefront and Beyond Women in the 1940s (1982) and DAnn Campbell, Women at War with America Private Lives in a Patriotic eon (1984). World War II affected children and adolescents no less than women. In fact, the word teenager first appeared during the war. William M. Tuttle, Jr. , Daddys Gone to War The Second World War in the Lives of Americas Children (1993) traces the changes in young peoples lives. During World War II, African Americans waged battles on two fronts.They helped the country win the war overseas and pressed for refer rights at home. This dual struggle for victory against fascism and discrimination, known as the Double V campaign, is examined in Neil Wynn, The Afro-American and the Second World War (1976). The internment of 112,000 mainland Japanese Americans, one of the most shameful chapters in American history, is examined in Peter Irons, Justice at War The Story of the Japanese Internment Cases (1983). A 1942 organization report on the Pearl Harbor attack, written by Supreme Court Justice Owen J.Roberts, which claimed without supporting evidence that the Japanese had received support from somewhat Japanese Americans, helped to create a climate of opinion that led to internment. World War II mark ed the dawn of the atomic age. The development of nuclear weapons is thoroughly examined in Richard Rhodes, The Making of the Atomic Bomb (1986). The decision to drop two atomic bombs on Japan remains one of the most controversial decisions in military history. Martin Sherwin, A World Destroyed The Atomic Bomb and the Grand Alliance (1975) analyzes the factors that went into this decision.

Different Cultures Residing In Close Proximity Cultural Studies Essay

Different Cultures Residing In Close Proximity Cultural Studies EssayThis report of cross cultural management on the analysis of several(predicate) coatings residing in close proximity will discuss the differences and similarities individuals shargon belonging to antithetic stopping points and ethnicity.It also highlights the facts roughly distinguishable cultures and the similarities which caused some troubles or helped during the entire business of PALS.We spent quite a time during this complete course of PALS and experienced a lot of different incidents due to which we concluded lot of information about Pakistani culture as wellspring as the fact that managing diversity in culture while working on either thing is sticky and requires expertise.We had two major ethnicities in our group, Pakistani and Chinese. There were few similarities and little dissimilarity in both the cultures. If discussed with reference to the cross cultural theory of Fons Trompenaars. With the qu intette basic dimensions of the cultural model which depicts the bureau human beings deal with star another, the differences of Pakistani and Chinese culture we encountered will be discussed. personalized ExperienceIn the entire time during our PALS course, we had different conflicts with all(prenominal) other which we had to sort out exactly one thing that we every(prenominal) noticed was that all of us were well-situated in working as a squad, though in the start the females took time in trusting on Shakoor and myself but once they were comfort adequate, we made a nice group which actually showed that all of us were used to of being a part of some team, group or a family. We behaved properly and tried and true to even subjugate our own feelings for the sake of harmony among the group members, especially the girls were peace makers. They about of the time used to communicate in a authoritative way that it never looked as if they disagree over something it always used to be something like you are absolutely right, we should think about it and later on a better time they used to present their own ideas which maintained the accord of the whole group and it snarl like a family of five (5) members. mark Cultural Theory Individualism vs. CollectivismIndividualism refers to the way of living which characterises people with their self as most important it focuses on I most rather than on We whereas Collectivism refers to the way where the actions are establish for the betterment of the whole group, team or community (Arrindell, Hatzichristou, Wensink, Rosenberg, Twillert,, Stedema, Meijer 1997).It was concluded from the above stated theoretical account that Chinese and Pakistani, both the cultures are collectivists. One Pakistani though but it was enough to conclude that he was more interested in group work, team and association with a veritable group rather than working alone and getting credit for that.Part 2Focus on SelfI being the leader of the group had to intervene and interfere in every matter of the group. The major feelings that I experienced during the whole session of PALS were very nice, it was a very nice experience overall, though with a little up and down. Being a part of majority Chinese based group I did not encounter much difficulty in the dialogue and interaction in the group yet I felt that when two persons belonging to a culture with high scene communication, it becomes a little difficult to judge which way to go.Personal DiaryShakoor, the Pakistani male and I myself were discussing about the activity related to the implications of differences in cultures in the business management of any organization. During the whole discussion I observed that he never disagreed with me directly, wherever he king have had felt the need of disagreement he fell quiet and said something like it is your opinion and I respect that I observed that his way of communicating was high context based. It had two meanings and a person like me belonging to the identical type of culture with high context communication was able to understand his way of avoiding any feud between the members. Therefore he always had an indirect way of interacting.Cross Cultural Theory Applied advanced vs. Low ContextThe famous theory of High vs. Low Context Cultures explains that different cultures have different styles of communication. These can be categorized on the institution of the type of culture, it can be high context and it can be low context.In high context cultures, the real meaning of the statement is dark and embedded somewhere deep and is not clearly stated or written openly that everyone can understand it. People belonging to low context cultures face difficulty while interacting with the high context cultures (Hall Hall 1990).Low Context cultures are those where interaction and communication style is straight forward and simple. some(prenominal) is said is meant in the same way, no double meanings can be applie d to low context culture based communication (Kim, Pan position 1998).The effects of PALS on My PersonalityThe PALS group was sup rigd to work in harmony and with coordination, one thing which I lacked before entering in to it. I being a dominant person in nature had to listen to everybody and then decide what to do, this made me realize that working in a team and group is far better than working alone because we used to have lots of ideas at one place and then we used to incorporate them in a unique way of our own with mutual consent of everybody. I learnt to work in a team.Part 3Focus on new(prenominal) IndividualsPALS was targeted towards learning the differences and the similarities of different cultures and to learn the best ways to deal with these differences and cash them for the benefit of the community and if working in an organization then for organizational goals.Personal DiaryOnce we all members were sitting and were chatting, nothing related to the studies or the PAL S, it was then that Li Ran asked every one of us to join her on dinner. We all accepted it except for Shakoor, the Pakistani male he apologized and said some other time. In our Chinese culture it is taken as an insult if soul invites you on dinner and one refuses it. But Li Ran did not take it in the same way taken in our culture she accepted the eliminate of Shakoor and continued with the discussion in the same pace as it was before Shakoors refusal. I came to the conclusion that Li Ran understood the fact that in Pakistani culture one is free without any obligations of courtesy to refuse and decline any ones invitation to dine together, just with a mere apology.Effects on Each early(a)Many different incidents took place during PALS which were noteworthy and due to which all the members of the group came to certain rules and the over all harmony of the group was maintained, like at time there was a conflict about the sexual urge biasness from Shakoor, the Pakistani male he use d to be of the favour during discussions and even in the distribution of tasks which represent that he belongs to a masculine dominant culture, but regardless of that, after some time he became accustomed to the fact that in Chinese culture, gender discrimination is not encouraged, and men and women are dealt at equality. This difference was balanced by both the cultural representatives with mutual understanding and thus the group was based on equality.Cross Cultural Theory AppliedEgalitarianismEgalitarianism refers to the belief that explains that everyone is equal no discrimination should be done on the stern of gender, cast, creed, or ethnicity. It favours the equal free chance to every one (Putterman. L, John. E. R, and Joaquim. S. 1988).Murray N. R. (1970) says that a free market should have liberty for everyone of a fair chance. It should not pose any restrictions on the instauration of gender. It was thus concluded that to work in a group or for any betterment of the commu nity or an organization, it is infallible to neglect the factor of gender, cast and creed.Part 4Focus on InteractionsIn the PALS course, it was majorly focussed on the interactions and lessening the communication gaps between the members belonging to the different culture and backgrounds. It was so scheduled in the basic course outline that we had to interact and come close to each other in order to throw to certain decisions about the projects, assignments and simultaneously get to know each other.Personal diaryI observed that in the start of PALS, the group members were distant from each other, the females became acquainted with each other, but shakoor and I myself were still strangers to the rest of the group. it was shakoor, the Pakistani male who broke this ice wall and started a proper introduction in a very friendly way, and because of his initiative we got to know each other. It urged me to get to the depth of the fact and I realized that we Chinese are slow and a little r eserve with people we dont know and we take quite a time in socializing with people. On the other hand Pakistani culture definitely must be easy in socializing because Shakoor who belonged to Pakistan was at ease in interacting with us, he asked us personal questions as well which harmonize to our Chinese culture were taken as very informal and something to be asked from people you know for years.Another thing which I noticed was that all of us used to use our body vocabulary and facial expressions a lot. It was our non verbal communication that established such a relationship among all the members that we never felt a need for disagreement overtly, our facial and body language was enough for that and thus it never came in between us and formed any basis for conflicts in negotiation.Cross Cultural Theory AppliedCultural Influences on Nonverbal Behaviour RegulatorsRegulators are the gestures and behaviours that regulate the communication among people in a continuous flow without any hurdle. It is said that regulators are the control factors in interacts and communications (Ekman Friesen, 1969).Thus it was easy to interact in PALS group because of the non verbal communication which all of us were accustomed and attuned to. It did not cause any trouble while discussing and negotiating over something.Part 5Focus on Cultural changeAs four (4) out of five (5) of our members of group belonged to china, it was not difficult for me, even as a leader to adjust and control the group. only one person Shakoor was from Pakistani culture.So if discussed from Pakistani and Chinese cultural differences, it can be easily said that there are similarities more as compared to the differences. We came to certain conclusions together as well like both the cultures are high context based, both are family and group oriented, both are good negotiators etceteraPersonal DiaryOnce, all of the members of our group went to market. We had to buy few things for our daily use, girls went t heir way and both I and Shakoor, the Pakistani male went our own separate ways. During my shop I liked one shirt when I enquired about the price of the shirt I felt it was expensive, I started negotiating on the price and finally colonised on the price which was under by budget and the shop keeper was happy too. When all of us friends met for lunch after the shopping and started showing our buying, Shakoor had bought the same shirt I had bought, when I asked about the price thinking that he must have paid higher price for it then I bought on, I was shocked to learn that he had bought on exactly the same price I bought on. I realized then that even Pakistani people are good at negotiating the prices and price factors are important to them in the same way as it is important for us Chinese.Question 2PALS Group as an Cross Cultural TeamIf the members of the PALS group were working as a team in an organization, it will have some benefits and some difficulty. Organizations are different from learning institutions, therefore working in organizations on strategies will be different from working on activities and assignments for educational institutes.Cross cultural teams can be managed and trained according to the needs and targets of an organization. There can be many ways to do that likeImproving Common Characteristics for effectivenessImproving habitual characteristics among diverse cultural representatives means that whatever characteristics are plebeian to all (in this cane both) the cultures should be developed in such a way as to target it for the benefit of the organization.For example both Chinese and Pakistani cultures have people with good negotiating skills it can be so designed that the cross cultural team comprising Chinese and Pakistani could make a nice strategic negotiating team which can be utilized at the time of strategic alliances and bid negotiations as well as at price settlements.Intercultural Assessment and training ProgramsWe encountered moments in our PALS course where we had to adapt and adjust to the Pakistani culture as well knowing the fact that it is not common in our Chinese Culture, I would come to the conclusion that if same policy is adopted while working in an organization, that is accepting and adjusting to the norms and values and practices of people belonging to other cultures can create a very strong team which in turn will be good for the Companys target and aim.Training programs can be arranged for the team members creating such situations in which it is bound for them to choose the option of way of other cultures and so become accustomed to it.Common LanguageOne of the most important factors that form a basis of successful team is common language that is specialty of interaction and communication. If a team with members especially belonging to different cultures have to work together for a common goal should have one common language as well, which in our case was English (Barbara, 2001).One of our members, would not declare the name here, had week English, due to which that person was unable to participate as in the discussions as others did. This never created any difficulty for us because we had Chinese too as our common language but yet in any organization it could have created troubles during interactions.Dealings with immigrantsAs Shakoor, Pakistani male is an immigrant, so dealings with an immigrant are different. We four people had one common language, Chinese but he was not aware of Chinese Language so we in the start used to use Chinese language as our common language and he used to feel like an outsider but then suddenly we realized that he was the one to break the ice among we members and then we started utilize English as our common medium of interaction. Shakoor then was comfortable among us.So if dealing with an immigrant in an organization one must be careful in the language and the words he uses, should be known to everyone belonging to that team.

Body Image Distortion Among Women In The Media

Body Image Distortion Among Women In The MediaAmerican society, nigh ordinarily women within the United States, have a rather unhealthy obsession with their personal looks, the bodily strive and determination to be acceptingly beautiful, and the idea of looking as flawless as humanly possible.The common perception of beauty is falsely cookd for women to believe that the ultimate perfect image is obtainable. However, it is indeed an impossible standard for most women in American society today. This idea of impossible perfection is mostly driven by the beauty industry who work to sell their products to those women who are dangerous about their image. The media alone is at war with body image. Women in todays society are viewed as being digitally transformed, airbrushed, surgically improved, or suffering from respective(a) unlike eating disorders. These are just a few of the many different difficulties facing women in American society today due to the more often than non exagg erated media influence.Teenaged girls especially learn what society considers an ideal physical appearance generally from the media and the images that they are crowded with in magazines, movies, television, and also in medical specialty which in turn manipulates what is truly fashionable and attractive. Recent studies have found that by the time a women is seventeen years old, she has received overs 250,000 commercial depicted objects through with(predicate) the media. (Body Image and Advertising, 2000) Women tend to see multiple different images throughout their lives which impacts the ways they think of themselves and their own self-worth within American society. Today, models weigh about 23 part less than the average woman. (Weighty Matters, 2007) According to the National Eating Disorders Association, the average American model is 5 feet, 11 inches tall and weighs 117 pounds. The average American woman is 5 feet, 4 inches tall and weighs 140 pounds. (Body Image Loving Your Body, n.d.)All too often, American society associates being thin with hardworking, beautiful, strong, and self-disciplined. On the some other hand however, being fat is usually associated with being lazy, ugly, weak and lacking willpower. (Body Image Loving Your Body, n.d.) Similarly to this idea, a life-sized Barbie doll would measure a thirty-eight-inch bust, eighteen-inch waist, and thirty-four-inch hips. (Ojeda, 2003, p.14) The average American woman measures a thirty-seven-inch bust, a twenty-nine-inch waist, and forty-inch hips. (McDowell, 2006, p.48) What is the media trying to teach women within the American society? Some critics in the American society believe that the un significantistic ideas of physical looks and personal flaws may cause young children to face insecurities and lead to poor health choices later on in life.What most people dont realize is that either image of a model or actress in a fashion or beauty magazine has been touched up using the latest data pr ocessor enhanced technology to remove flaws that are most commonly faced by women including pimples, bumps, stretch marks, wrinkles, and various other different imperfections. Advertisements emphasize thinness as a standard for feminine beauty, and the bodies seen in the media are frequently not typically normal, healthy women. In fact, 69 percent of girls in one turn over said that magazine models influence their idea of the perfect body shape, and the acceptance of this impractical body type forms an obtainability that is rather unrealistic for virtually all women in society today. (Body Image and Advertising A Thin Ideal, 2008) This concept pushes forth the idea of vast concern for the rise in eating disorders and other musical theme related areas. Many Americans attribute eating disorders to society as a whole.Hollywood and the media demand an impossible standard of thinness, and young people feel that in order to be attractive to those around them, they have to look like cel ebrities in the spotlight which is what many media outlets are influencing generation after generation with. With around six billion people in the world, and ten million of them suffering with some type of disordered eating, the media obviously doesnt cause everyone to develop anorexia, bulimia, or psychoneurotic overeating. Current statistics have indicated that approximately one in every one hundred teenage girls may develop an eating disorder. (Re What Are the Causes of Eating Disorders, Pitso, 2008) pabulum advertisements are also another source of fusss. Whether it be on television, in health journals, magazines, newspapers, and other media sources, society is continuously influenced with the concept that losing weight will accomplish an unmarried more confident and reliable to stick to a specific diet plan. Often times, many Americans are persuaded with the idea that by sticking with a certain diet plan, individual success is a guarantee however, it has been proven throug h various different general studies and statistics that most diet plans do not indeed show results or in many cases do not even work. As long as society continues to buy into diet companies and their pretended claims by purchasing these products, the more the diet industry will keep pushing forth their mottos on American consumers.With a distorted view of foods social function in life, some teenagers mistakenly expect that losing weight will make everything in an individuals life better and more sufficient. People naturally have different shapes and body types. There are a numerous variations in height, skin tone, eye color, hair color, height, weight and other physical features which make up the fabulously large diversity of America. The millions of messages about thinness, dieting and beauty tell ordinary people that they are always in need of adjustments, that that the female body is an object lens to be perfected.Researchers report that womens magazines have ten and one-hal f times more ads and articles promoting weight loss than mens magazines do, and over three-quarters of the covers of womens magazines include at least one message about how to change bodily appearance, whether it be for dieting, exercising or cosmetic surgery. (Beauty and Body Image in the Media, 2010) Even the average woman is said to satisfy into anywhere between sizes ten and above, whereas the average model fits into a size two or three.Knowing that todays ideal body is another passing path does not lessen the desire teenage girls and younger adult woman have to adhere to the present-day(prenominal) ideal and be considered attractive. However, it is important to remember that the current standard of extreme thinness is unrealistic and impossible for most women to achieve. (Ojeda, 2003, p.16) In 2003, Teen Magazine reported that approximately 90 percent of women are dissatisfied with their appearance in some shape or form. (Womens Body Image in Canada and the Facts, 2008-2010) Rather than striving for the ideal image, keeping the body healthy by exercising regularly on a routine basis and eating nutritious food is beneficial in more ways than one and create strong and fit lifestyle habits for the majority of women in American society today. Naturally, feeling healthy can boost your self-esteem and your body image. (Ojeda, 2003, p.16)In todays society, the problem that we, as Americans, are faced with is rather complicated and as a result, there are no real easy solutions. Many individuals tend to careen towards a more active approach mostly by watching out for themselves and being conscious of what is going on in the media however, taking bewitch responsibility for ones self and limiting the exposure of the vast media will propose a healthier lifestyle. Distorted and unattainable images are the inevitable consequences of a social system that face many downfalls. As a society, Americans have created an environment so obsessed with the bodily image that those with power give approval for being thin and disapproval of being fat, creating a generation of individuals so self-conscious about their bodies that it in turn most often, negatively affects their health. Everywhere an individual looks, this smudge seems to be a fab that one cannot get away from, the concept it simply too overpowering.Todays pretty faces represent a new kind of people, female figures and displays in stores are revealed with a large amount of sex appeal. With a stressed importance on the ideas of absolute beauty and flawlessness, television commercials, magazines, billboards, and various other mass media sources across the country are just a small, insignificant consideration and excuse of just how warped American societys view is of beauty and real body image. According to the narrow minded society in which Americans live, there just doesnt seem to be a limit on how beautiful an individual can become, especially for women. Most of us are aware of our societys emphasis on the importance of appearance, and we know what the socially sanctioned standards of beauty are. But not all of us accept or internalise these standardsstrong-minded individuals who reject current standards are more likely to have a positive body-image. (Mirror, Mirror, 1997)

Stimulate Recall of prior learning

Stimulate Recall of prior disciplineIntroductionThis paper seeks to hash out how some of the bring up instructional design concepts behind Second Life john be employed to refine the nurture strategy within SI. Specifically, the key attributes in Second life that be of interest include (a) the use of Virtual space as the interface for interactive instruction, (b) how the virtual space tramp be leverage to incentivize reading and (c) how Robert Gagnes social club events of instruction can be applied in the design of a virtual accomplishment environment. This paper entrust discuss how these principles can be infused into the existing e-Learning platform in SI, called My Learning Space (MLS), the intent is not to replace MLS with Second Life but quite a to introduce the schooling attributes in second life that will further enhance existing design.Current Situation Learning in the 3G SAF Space2. As the SAF continues to develop itself into a technological advanced and sophis ticated force, it is clear that the SAF will realize an increase of military hardw atomic number 18 and software that will fuel this fracture effort. Underpinning these technological transformation, is the need for our service personnel to be better trained to operate these systems. The challenge to train and prepare the 3G SAF is not a trivial purpose because of the following reasonsa. Because of the various technologies and combat systems that are procured, trainees would have to learn new skills and competencies to handle such equipment. Progressively, these systems are also becoming more complex all over clipping.b. There is shorter time to train, mainly because of the reduction in NSF training time from 2.5 to 2 years and NS duration from 13 to 10 years.c. The learning preferences of the Net-Gen learners will more and more pose new challenges because of their training expectations given what they have been exposed and more accustomed within their schools prior to enlistmen t and home (smart school and a pervasive network environment). However, the potential of the Net-Gen learners should also be seen as a leverage for learning in the 3G SAF space.Impetus for development in the Future3. Development authority of Second Life. Second life as a virtual world offers the flexibility that is ideal for creating instructional tools, such as posts, problem based learning environments, simulation activities, and distance learning settings. Second Life is an open-ended environment in which players themselves design the world, its objects and their behaviours. Incorporating sophisticated three-dimensional modeling tools and a powerful scripting language, the game invites players to freely unleash their imaginations1. Users, through their representations in the space, called avatars, move around and interact with one another in Second Life. Users also can create buildings and materials in Second Life. Therefore, challenges and problem solving tasks can be create d.4. Limitations of Current Knowledge Portal. MLS is an in-house developed learning portal that provides a common user interface for trainees to acquit access to a accommodatee of training services and tools. From the digital training program, trainees can view a library of training videos and digital training manual that are relevant to their bleed. While these modules whitethorn be useful in many ways, it is still lacking and limited in scope to enable deeper learning because of the following reasonsa. It is typically structured as a knowledge repository.b. Does not facilitate enforceation of cognitive strategy.c. Conventional motivational schemes are hard to implement .d. Hence, it be ascends more a training mediaConsideration for Learning in the Virtual World5. The Key considerations for learning in the virtual environment are as followsa. ProsNet Generation learners are very comfortable operating in this space (facebook, youtube, chat, etc)2.Relatively easier to create mot ivation to learn, collaboration and experiential learning opportunities that may not be readily available in the real world.No limit to the use of space.Elaboration of the Nine instructional EventsModeling after Robert Gagnes nine events of instruction, the proposed MLS Ver 2.0 would incorporate the nine design attributes based on the information processing model of the mental events that occur when adults are presented with various stimuli. This is summarized in the table as followsInstructional EventInternal Mental Process1. Gain attentionStimuli activates receptors2. Inform learners of objectivesCreates level of expectation for learning3. Stimulate recall of prior learningrecovery and activation of short-term memory4. Present the contentSelective perception of content5. Provide learning counselSemantic encoding for retention long-term memory6. Elicit performance (practice)Responds to questions to enhance encoding and verification7. Provide feedbackReinforcement and assessment o f correct performance8. Assess performanceRetrieval and reinforcement of content as final evaluation9. Enhance retention and transfer to the jobRetrieval and generalization of learned skill to new perspectivea. Gain attention in Hi-Res 3D Virtual World Learning Environment (VWLE)In order for any learning to take place, you must starting capture the attention of the student. To this end, MLS 2.0 would be designed as a virtual replica of SI. The 3D interface accompanied by sound effects or music startles the senses with auditory or visual stimuli. From here, trainees can navigator and explore the various populate within the building. Each room constitutes a new learning domain or subject and are only accessible based on the intended sequence of learning. Trainees can only access other rooms of higher learning only if they have attained the required standards.b. Inform learners of objectivesEarly in each lesson students would be given a list of learning objectives. This initiates th e internal process of expectancy and economic aids motivate the learner to complete the lesson. These objectives form the basis for assessment, and structured based on Magers model of Performance, condition and Criterion. Beyond these utter objectives, trainees would be asked to identify 3 other personal objectives that he/she would like to achieve by the end of the course. Trainees will have a real time view of their progress in the attainment of these objectives so that they can chart their own learning progress. This makes learning relevant to the trainees.Stimulate recall of prior learningAssociating new information with prior knowledge can facilitate the learning process. It is easier for learners to encode and store information in long-term memory when there are links to personal experience and knowledge. To stimulate this, every learning module would start by asking questions about previous experiences, an understanding of previous concepts, or a body of content. To ensure that the pre-requisite modules are covered in the correct sequence, the module would reiterate the essential modules and will also highlight those that have been left hand out before allow trainees to proceed further.d. Present the contentThis event of instruction is where the new content is actually presented to the learner. To appeal to different learning modalities, a variety of media would be used. These include text, graphics, audio narration, and training videos. The training videos are organized in a youtube fashion and related videos are grouped in a coherent order. To extend the scope of learning, other related videos that are relevant to the carrouselic would also be suggested and made for easy access. These training videos are deliberately kept short to maintain the attention span of the trainees.e. Provide learning guidanceTo help learners encode information for long-term storage, additional guidance in the form of a learning map will be provided along with the presen tation of new content. Guidance strategies include the use of examples, non-examples, case studies, lifelike representations, mnemonics, and analogies. This learning map serves to provide the higher level overview and also memory aid to help retain the knowledge gained.f. Elicit performance (practice)Eliciting performance provides an prospect for learners to confirm their correct understanding, and the repetition further increases the likelihood of retention. To achieve this outcome, the use of MLS is coupled with the other aspects of a blended learning approach. Building upon the knowledge acquired in these learning module, the trainees would be asked to perform simple task (e.g. practical hands-on to set up an equipment), and short quizzes.g. Provide feedbackAs learners practice new behavior it is important to provide specific and immediate feedback of their performance. To achieve this, the on-line learning quizzes would provide scores as a proxy towards the overall course perf ormance. as well as the instantaneous feedback, the scores serve to reflect the Top 3 scorers across the cohort.h. Assess performanceUpon completing instructional modules, all trainees would be subjected to an-of-module test. This may come in the form of a paper quiz taken on-line or a practical exam depending on the nature of the skills requirement. On top of this, the real-time accrual of the individual scores helps to elicit the weaker performances from the better performances. This allows instructors to scope their lesson and customize them to meet individual trainees deficiency.i. Enhance retention and transfer to the jobTo help in the retention of knowledge, a daily electronic journal is maintained by each trainee. This seeks to help trainee recap what they have gain over the course of their training. To aid in the effective retention, a mind-map will be drawn by the trainees at the end of each module. This pictorial representation would be overlap across the groups to help in the indexing of knowledge.Longer Term Implementation Approach7. MLS cannot be used in isolation, it has to be organized with existing informative approach of learning to form a blended methodology. This Blended learning gives learners and instructors an environment to learn and teach more effectively. Learners can select the best activities to suit their own pace, learning style and level, as well as time and place. Learners can be more independent and self-reliant in their own learning. They can also be more able to take decisions, think creatively and critically, investigate and explore as well as solve problems they face in learning and real life. Meanwhile, instructors can be facilitators, supervisors, assessors, organizers and managers of learning activities, and so should be creative and able to support learners and provide various learning materials in different formats. In SI, the blended approach we adopt is captured in the diagram belowLecturesFace-to-FaceDiscussionFie ld ExperienceMLSVWLEReflection LogProjectsMandated ReadingOnline tryand ExercisesConclusion8. Adopting the learning object in Second Life to create a virtual world learning environment (VWLE) applied in a blended learning environment is a new pedagogy the SAF hopes to leverage upon to meet the training needs of the 3G SAF soldiers.

Womens Role In The Economy Essay example -- essays papers

Womens Role In The EconomyThe Transfer of Womens Work from the Home to the Market The transfer of womens take to the woods from the household to commercial craft is one of the most notable features of economic development (Lewis, Historical Perspectives on the American Economy P. 550). In colonial America there was a distinct sexual division of labor. Men were property owners and heads of households. A mans responsibilities included staple crop farming, hunting, and skilled craftsmanship in order to build commodities for market (An Economic History of Women in America Pp. 30-33). Women were responsible for a variety of different jobs. In the home and the fields women ensured the survival of the family. They were responsible for tike rearing, housework, food processing, cloth and clothing manufacture, candle and soap making, household furnishings, and farm chores (EHWA P. 31). A few unmarried women would work outside the home as domestics or farm servants. Women would al so handle the sale of handicrafts and household manufacture. In the early nineteenth century only a very small fraction of women in the United States worked in the agricultural, industrial, and service areas of the market sector. Wages of women relative to those of men were exceptionally low within the area of agriculture. With the spread of industry, relative wages for women incrementd, and their workplace appeared to be linked to the technological advances of the factory system. As the country became more industrialized, more women began to work outside the home, in factories and in the clerical sector, and their wages began to increase relative to the wages of men. Late in the nineteenth century there was a rising demand for clerical workers. By 1890, only 18.2% of adult women participated in the labor market. Of that 19%, 40.5% were single women (aged between fifteen and twenty-four). Only 4.6% were married women. (HPAE P. 560) It was not until the twentieth century that married women entered the labor lodge in any(prenominal) substantial way. They first entered the labor force in the 1920s when they were young, and later in the 1940s and 1950s, in their post-child-rearing years. There have been important gains in the amour of married women in the labor force, with particular age groups, or cohorts, affected during particular decades. I... ...ed women in Americas past frequently came from an economic necessity, tho it has also implied economic autonomy. The rise of economic independence for women has resulted in many social and societal changes such as the formation of wider and less family-dependant social networks, a greater chance for marital dissolution, and the possibility of less constrained and structured gender roles (HPAE P. 571). Today, there are almost as many women in the work force as there are men. It is now a rarity for a woman to work exclusively within the home. In our current parsimony it is almost a neces sity for both the man and woman to work outside the home in order for the household to survive. It was interesting to learn astir(predicate) the economic factors affected womens participation in the work force in the past and relate that to womens role in the work force today.BibliographyMatthaei, Julie A. An Economic History of Women in America Womens Work, the Sexual Division of Labor, and Development of Capitalism. New York Schocken Books, 1982.Whaples, Robert and Betts, Dianne C. Historical Perspectives on the American Economy. New York Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Relationship Between Gods And Humanity :: essays research papers

The relationship between the gods and humanity in The Epic of Gilgamesh and The Odyssey are the same. In each saga, the gods seem to live nearby and are always present. Both epic poems portray humans as simply at the mercy of the gods. The gods feel that it is their duty to intervene if they feel that man is travelling off course from his destiny. However, the gods are not whole powerful. Each god has a certain(p) domain and cannot control another gods domain. All the gods including Zeus, the father of the gods, destiny Odysseus to be able to return home in The Odyssey. However, Poseiden, just one god, prevents Odysseus from returning. It is only when Poseiden is absent from Mt. Olympus that the other gods are able to take control and supporter Odysseus in returning home.Gilgamesh also has the same misconception that the gods are all powerful. After he and Enkidu kill the Bull of Heaven, the gods Anu, Enlil, Ea and Shamash convene and decide that one of the brothers must back up for their evil deed. Shamash, Gilgameshs protector, pleads with the other gods to spare his life. The other gods disregard Shamashs appeal and Enkidu dies. In each instance, one god is not able to travel to his agenda against the wishes of the other gods. Enkidus death evokes a disturbing thought in Gilgamesh. He finally realizes that he is mortal. He then goes about try to find the key to immortality. Gilgamesh first seeks out Utnapishtim, the only human to gain immortality. When Gilgamesh cannot pass the test of staying awake for seven days, Utnapishtim then gives him the plant "Old custody Are Young Again." Despite this second opportunity, Gilgamesh is not triumphant in his search for immortality because a serpent eats the plant and Gilgameshs opportunity is confounded forever. He does not realize that Enlil, the father of the gods, had already determined his destiny. It is clear from the events of the story that Gilgamesh was not to obtain everlasting life and it is no coincidence that all of his efforts fail in one way or another. This is another example of mans lack of control where the gods are concerned The Odyssey demonstrates how the gods favored certain men over others. When man had the gods "on his side," he was sure to complete whatever task was at hand.