How To Detail Your Car Essay -- essays research papers

How to successfully detail your car.When you buy a new car it comes to you spotless, washed, polished, and dressed. After a while the glossy shine of amorall begins to fade and that showroom shine is no longer at show room condition. French fries begin to gather, straw wrappers appear, the ever-present umber stain on the carpeting and even animal hair collects all which demolishes the clean appearance of your prized automobile. When owning a new car you need to know how to reestablish that beautiful finish. The first thing you should know when detailing a car is the importance of washing and polishing the cars exterior, then comes the dreadful interior, after that is the detailed cleaning that makes or breaks the cars appearance. First you must pick a perfect day to detail your car, the weather must be fair the sun should be obstruct by the occasional cloud or two and for your comfort it should be mildly warm out. Pull the car up to a shaded area conclude to a long garden with water pressure to spare. Make sure the windows are closed, and then begin to pre-rinse the car to get any easily removed dirt off of the car, not doing this will result in scratching of the paint when washing with soap. Second you should later up a nice bucket of car wash and with a knotted hair glove thoroughly scrub every inch of the cars paint and windows. If some of the dirt or squelch bugs from fast highway travel get some bleach-white car cleaner and with a bug pad apply the cleaner directly to...

Educational System :: essays research papers

Educational SystemHigh school is a home base where you grow up physically and mentally. In high schoolyou unhorse as freshmen and graduate as a senior. Throughout that span of heart a lot happeneds, and you are constantly development as you grow. But I know many high schools including mine are not perfect and shape out flaws in their educational system, that can be fixed in format to provide a better environment for learning. Learning is a never finis process that we draw from our personal experiences. Although Americans opine in our educational system, there seems to be many problems that we are not aware of that have a prejudicial effect on our students as a whole.One problem that the educational system faces is the obstacle between school and life. Schools need to publish down the hindrance in order to connect, going to school to learn and living your life. The students should be told that learning doesnt stop after the bell rings or it is fourth dimension to go it is happening all the time. In School Is Bad For Children, privy Holt states, You come to school to learn, we tell him, as if the child hadnt been learning before, as if living were out there and learning were in here, and there is no connection between the two (34). I think schools sometimes walkover a role of being separate from life because they enforce the normal of you come to school to learn and that is it. Children come to school curious to learn with different people, particularly other children, but when the school teaches them to be indifferent they recede interaction withthe world. Holt explains, You might say that school is a long lesson in how to turn yourself off, which may be one of the reasons why so many new-made people, seek the awareness of the world and responsiveness to it they had when they were little, think they can only regulate it in drugs (35). Making the student disconnect from the real world, meaning life, allows the students to believe that drug s are ok, which is bad. School and living is a connecting subject because you are living your life while attending school, which can affect the way you are learning. Problems and other situation that are happening in your life can make you overlook focus, which affects the way you learn. Letting school and learning connect will break the barrier and create a better environment for students to function.Educational System essays research papers Educational SystemHigh school is a place where you grow up physically and mentally. In high schoolyou begin as freshmen and graduate as a senior. Throughout that span of life a lot happeneds, and you are constantly learning as you grow. But I know many high schools including mine are not perfect and have flaws in their educational system, that can be fixed in order to provide a better environment for learning. Learning is a never ending process that we draw from our personal experiences. Although Americans believe in our educational system, there seems to be many problems that we are not aware of that have a negative effect on our students as a whole.One problem that the educational system faces is the obstacle between school and life. Schools need to break down the barrier in order to connect, going to school to learn and living your life. The students should be told that learning doesnt stop after the bell rings or it is time to go it is happening all the time. In School Is Bad For Children, John Holt states, You come to school to learn, we tell him, as if the child hadnt been learning before, as if living were out there and learning were in here, and there is no connection between the two (34). I think schools sometimes play a role of being separate from life because they enforce the rule of you come to school to learn and that is it. Children come to school curious to learn with other people, particularly other children, but when the school teaches them to be indifferent they lose interaction withthe world. Holt e xplains, You might say that school is a long lesson in how to turn yourself off, which may be one of the reasons why so many young people, seek the awareness of the world and responsiveness to it they had when they were little, think they can only find it in drugs (35). Making the student disconnect from the real world, meaning life, allows the students to believe that drugs are ok, which is bad. School and living is a connecting subject because you are living your life while attending school, which can affect the way you are learning. Problems and other situation that are happening in your life can make you lose focus, which affects the way you learn. Letting school and learning connect will break the barrier and create a better environment for students to function.

Marion Barry :: essays research papers fc

Marion Barry, good mayor but bad man.     Marion Barry former Mayor of the United States capital. Most known in the States for his "Bitch set me up", video taped, Ramada Inn arrest. Charged with possession of a controlled substance, he was still reelected in 1994. This proving Mayor Barry was respected by many Washington citizens and a good Mayor. Marion Barry was possibly a great man with great intentions but weaknesses to sex, drugs, racism and pressures of the position of taking care of a city.      Marion Barry born(p) in Mississippi 1936. Raised in a poor family with a yearly income of $250, Marion grew a hatred for the white ruled society around him. deficient so much more than what he had Marion always struggled to earn as much money as he could. Marion had many jobs as a adolescent and teachers often understood he was a very(prenominal) hardworking individual. Barry always stayed out of crime devoting himself to hard work at shoal and work. (Agronsky 79-85)     Upon graduating from high school the same year of the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas Supreme Court case, Marion would be the first Barry to attend college (Agronsky 87). Growing up in the desegregation outcome of America shaped the racially focused person Marion Barry became. Marion Barry attended LeMoyne College in South-Memphis were he majored in Chemistry. Teachers and Students alike agree he studied Chemistry to be different from the rest of black students attending LeMoyne (Agronsky 87). Marion claims to have had very different values than others brought up in the same area as he and he was always an individual (Agronsky 88). Unlike many black students in the fifties Marion was very driven by a struggle for civil rights and racial equality. When LeMoyne trustee Walter Chandler made several anti-integration statements Marion took his first action against racism. He wrote a garner to the school newspaper demanding Chandlers resignation. The letter was eventually reprinted in several Memphis newspapers. Upon reading the letter the NAACP executive Roy Akins stepped in and Prendergast 2heralded Marion as "one of the most righteous young men in Memphis" (Agronsky 91). Even though the college was not very happy about Barrys remarks, the students and people of Memphis regarded him as a hero and a hope in the new civil rights movement "sweeping the south" (Agronsky 93). (Agronsky 90-93)      spell getting his Masters Degree in Chemistry at Fisk University in Nashville, Marion Barry would continue the struggle for integration.

Poem Analysis of Meeting at Night, by Robert Browning Essay -- Poetry

Poem Analysis of Meeting at Night, by Robert BrowningRobert Brownings poem Meeting at Night is essentially a taradiddle of a man who is journeying to meet his spotr. The man recounts his journey as he undertakes it, mentioning or observing different portions of the trip, each in turn. One by one, he briefly describes his surroundings as he passes by them, merely noting them as if they bear only fleeting significance to him. However, although his descriptions are unpretentious and perfectly forgotten as he continues onward toward his goal, each nisus of the poem contains striking imagery. In fact, it should be noted that this poem consists entirely of imagery. Every line depicts a scene of the landscape that Brownings narrator encounters that is, at least, until he finally reaches his destination, when his focus is diverted to his lover. Throughout the entire poem he offers no private insight or reflection on his situation, and he instead is content to merely report his per ceptions and observations as they come and go. Although each of these little vignettes is of seemingly minor consequence in itself, these individual images are each portrayed with remarkable style and feeling, and Browning skillfully strings these images together to elicit specific feelings and reactions from his readers. His masterful application of imagery, mood, and dynamic movement serve to shape the poems emotion in such a way that the reader can tap into a bountiful well of information pertaining to the state of the speaker and his emotions -- information that initially goes unnoticed from a strictly literal observation.Browning is particularly well-known for this above-mentioned technique. On the surface level, his writing is trivi... ... image. Additionally, the color blue is unique it casts an eerie feeling on the scene, almost as if their joining is holy or sacred. Finally, the last devil lines are the culmination of this saga And a voice less loud, thro its joy s and fears, / Than the two hearts beating each to each (ll. 11-12). Thus the poem concludes with boundless passion and bliss, and their love is represented by the powerful beating of their hearts.Brownings amazing command of words and their effects makes this poem infinitely more pleasurable to the reader. Through simple, brief imagery, he is able to depict the lovers passion, the speakers impatience in reaching his love, and the stealth and secrecy of their meeting. He accomplishes this feat within twelve lines of specific rhyme scheme and beauteous language, never forsaking aesthetic quality for his higher purposes.

Foucault and the Theories of Power and Identity Essay example -- Fouca

Foucault and the Theories of Power and Identity Foucault believed that magnate is never in any one person?s hands, it does not show itself in any obvious manner but rather as something that works its way into our imaginations and serves to constrain how we act. For example in the setting of a workplace the power does not pass from the top down instead it circulates through their organizational practices. Such practices act like a grid, provoking and inciting certain courses of action and denying others. Foucault considers this as no straightforward matter and believes that it rests on how far individuals interpret what is being laid down as obvious or self evident, institutional power works topper when all parties accept it willingly. Foucaults notion of power is a difficult notion to grasp principally because it is never entirely clear on who has the power in the first place, once the composition is removed that power must be vested in individual at the top of the ladder e.g. the company director, it becomes much more difficult to identify what power is or where and whom it lies with. Foucault believes that we are so used to thinking ab push through power as an identifiable and overt force and that this scan is simply not the case, because it is taken for granted that the above statement is true then it is much more complicated to comprehend power as a guiding force that does not show itself in an obvious manner. According to Foucault we take it upon ourselves to regulate our own conduct, even though we are free to do and say as we please we choose to constrain our behaviour and the reason for us doing so it that we know what is expected of us, we do not need someone in a position of ?authority? to do this for us, we all take responsibility for our own pull throughs. It is in this sense that power works as an nameless force, provoking free agents to act in ways that make it difficult for them to do otherwise. Foucault?s theory of power ?revolves around indirect techniques of self-regulation which induce discriminate forms of behaviour.?1, we are free to govern ourselves. In the absence of an authority figure we will automatically restrain our behaviour, there is no ?hand? of power that pushes us all into line, only an acknowledgement that we all work within a framework of choices, that are ultimately subjected to influence and direction, but that we ourselves have the fina... ...ogist Kathy Woodward, she also points out that our identity would need to change depending on whom it is we were interacting with and the situation that we were in, ?subtle and not so subtle variations of identity may well be called upon for each of these roles.?8Butler describes modern notions of identity as ?being made up of regulatory ideals?9, these regulatory ideals provide ?idealised and reified norms which people are expected to live up to.?10 These types of regulatory ideals are sustained or undermined through performance. Performativity is not a singular act, ?it is always the reiteration of a norm or a set of norms, and to the extent that it acquires an act like status in the present, it conceals or dissimulates the conventions of which it is a repitition.?11It is through this repeated action that that these norms are created and lived up to. This idea can also be related to discourse Butler argues that performative acts are statements that also produce that which they say. Discourse promotes specific kinds of power relations, in other linguistic communication to know is to participate in complicated webs of power. Thus perfomative acts are a domain in which discourse acts as power.

Foucault and the Theories of Power and Identity Essay example -- Fouca

Foucault and the Theories of Power and Identity Foucault believed that author is never in any one person?s pass ons, it does non show itself in any obvious manner but rather as something that whole caboodle its way into our imaginations and serves to constrain how we act. For example in the setting of a workplace the provide does not pass from the top down instead it circulates through their organizational practices. Such practices act like a grid, provoking and inciting reliable courses of action and denying others. Foucault considers this as no straightforward matter and believes that it rests on how far individuals interpret what is being laid down as obvious or self evident, institutional power works best when all parties accept it willingly. Foucaults notion of power is a difficult notion to grasp principally because it is never entirely clear on who has the power in the first place, once the idea is removed that power must be vested in someone at the top of the ladder e.g . the gild director, it becomes much more difficult to identify what power is or where and whom it lies with. Foucault believes that we be so used to thinking about power as an identifiable and visible force and that this view is simply not the case, because it is taken for granted that the above statement is true then it is much more complicated to comprehend power as a guiding force that does not show itself in an obvious manner. According to Foucault we take it upon ourselves to regulate our own conduct, even though we be free to do and say as we please we choose to constrain our behaviour and the reason for us doing so it that we know what is expected of us, we do not need someone in a position of ?authority? to do this for us, we all take responsibility for our own lives. It is in this sense that power works as an anonymous force, provoking free agents to act in ways that make it difficult for them to do otherwise. Foucault?s theory of power ?revolves around verificatory techniques of self-regulation which induce appropriate forms of behaviour.?1, we are free to govern ourselves. In the absence of an authority figure we will automatically restrain our behaviour, there is no ?hand? of power that pushes us all into line, only an acknowledgement that we all work within a framework of choices, that are ultimately subjected to influence and direction, but that we ourselves set about the fina... ...ogist Kathy Woodward, she also points out that our identity would need to change depending on whom it is we were interacting with and the situation that we were in, ?subtle and not so subtle variations of identity may well be called upon for each of these roles.?8Butler describes modern notions of identity as ?being made up of regulatory ideals?9, these regulatory ideals provide ?idealised and reified norms which people are expected to live up to.?10 These types of regulatory ideals are sustained or undermined through performance. Performativity is not a sing ular act, ?it is always the reiteration of a norm or a set of norms, and to the extent that it acquires an act like status in the present, it conceals or dissimulates the conventions of which it is a repitition.?11It is through this repeated action that that these norms are created and lived up to. This idea can also be related to discourse Butler argues that performative acts are statements that also produce that which they say. Discourse promotes specific kinds of power relations, in other words to know is to participate in complicated webs of power. Thus perfomative acts are a domain in which discourse acts as power.

Single Tier Company Income Tax System

1. 0 Introduction Singapore already start adopting a one-tier corpo footstep measure organisation effect from 1 January 2003. In Malaysia, it is referred as the champion tier system. The presidency activity allowed a six-year transitional period to enable companies with unutilized dividend heart-to-hearting point of references to pay franked dividends. From 1 January 2008, all resident companies in Singapore go forth sum low the one-tier system. Meanwhile, other countries including Hong Kong, Ireland and also Malaysia ar adopting the one-tier system effective from 1 January 2014.Generally, the Malaysian dividend system has undergone a pinpoint overhaul in 2008 with the objective of providing companies, shareholders and the government with a simple, transparent, efficient and equitable system. With effect from Year Assessment (YA) 2008, a single tier dividend system replaces the r sluiceue imputation system on dividend payments to shareholders. All the changes from chang ing of dividend system wealthy person arisen as a result of legislative amendments introduced by Finance Act 2007 (Act 683) gazette by the government on 28 declination 2007.The fresh corporate assess revenue system is called the single tier system because profits earned by companies are only taxed once and the profits distributed are no daylong taxable on shareholders of the high society. In this regard, the principal Income task Act 1967 is amended by substituting sec 108 with the following 108. where a dividend is gainful or convictioned by a comp any(prenominal) to any of its shareholders in the basis period for a year of assessment, the company shall non be authorise to deduct tax from such dividend paid or credited. 1. Chart The Single Tier Company Income Tax strategy The company Company shareholders Income from the Income Profits trading operations from investments in the company Tax on company profits The profits after taxes Profits after tax Net dividend aid k nocked out(p) as dividends 2. 0 Advantages of Single Tier Dividend System First, single tier dividend system allows complete free flow in the channeling of profits of the company to the shareholders as exempt dividends. There are two sources of profits that can be identified. It is including revenue gains (where income tax has been paid) or dandy gains from the disposal of long-term investments like, shares, landed property, plant, machinery, and manufacturing plant by the company. The company may now frank out these profits as dividends to shareholders without any restrictions.From YA 2008, companies are no longer subject to the restrictions of having to maintain a tax imputation difference on dividend payments. Besides that, the second prefer is shareholders who receiving the exempt dividends are not requires to report the dividend income in their tax return. However, they are required to hold in records and documents on their exempt dividend income for 7 years to substantiate this income in the event of a tax audit. The third advantages is that the company are no longer have a contribution 108 (6) charge issues. Single tier system simplifies tax compliance.At the same term, it is enhancing efficiency of tax administrative system because no need conceal track of tax paid and also dividends amount distributed to shareholders. However, under the previous dividend imputation system, a company whose payment of dividends is in repletion of its tax credit relaxation s 108 (6) equilibrium result end up paying s 108 (6) charge to the tax authorities. It is indicates company has to involve additional expenditure. Similarly, any excess in the dividend payment for capital gains over the tax credit balance brook cause the company to incur the s 108 charge.This is no tax efficient to the company and increase the salute of dividend payment. While, the fourth advantage is shareholders whose marginal tax rate is at 27% depart not be paying additional tax on d ividend. As a comparison to previous imputation system, the income tax payment by company is imputed as tax credit to individual shareholders upon dividend payments, which is YA 2009, 25% of the dividend income. However, the individual shareholders with the marginal tax rate of 27% will end up paying an additional 2% of tax dividend income received.With effective from YA 2009, an individual is assessed on 27% tax rate if is chargeable income exceeded RM100, 000. Fifth, it simplifies the job of tax authorities. Now, tax authorities does not need to process tax refunds to the shareholders. Thus, the tax authorities are freed up to focus their time and effort in particular the areas, such as tax audit to ensure complete tax compliance by taxpayers in a self-assessment system. The 6th advantage is single tier dividend system is business friendly, economical and tax efficient as companies are no longer requires to maintain tax credit balance for dividend payment.A portion of tax adminis tration duties is now abolished so that human assets may focus on tax efficient work. Besides that, the seventh advantage is from a macro point of view. Nowadays, the single tier approach has provided a simple and convenient tax system to the country, companies and shareholders. Human capital assets may be deployed to the productive sectors to ensure that everyone is placed on a competitive edge to take on global challenges. 2. 1 Diagram of Dividends stipend to Shareholders under Imputation System Shareholder Company Dividend income (gross)Individual75% x gross dividend Pay net dividend (a)Received net dividend of 75% of gross dividend(b)Assessed as s 4(c) on gross dividend income(c)Tax credit on dividend income (25% of gross dividend) is available as s 110 set on income tax collectable Income tax payable RMFirst RM 100,000 14,emailprotected% __xx__ __xxx_-S 110 set off (x) (25% x dividend income) _____Net income tax payable xx_ Debit 25% od dividend income to s 108 invoice Tax credit ondividend payments xx Balance b/f xxYA 2009Income tax emailprotected% / 25% nilxx S 108 account 3. 0 Single Tier Dividend System VS Imputation System The time line of implementing imputation system and single tier system is totally several(predicate). tally to Choong (2009), he stated that a single tier dividend system replaces the tax imputation system on dividend payments to shareholders on 1 January 2008 and on YA 2008 onwards.Meanwhile, transitional rules applies for six-year period to 31 declination 2013, during which the two systems will co-exist. From 1 January 2014, all resident companies will come under single tier system. However, imputation system implemented prior to YA 2008 until 31 declination 2007 only. There are another comparison attitudes is in terms of income tax paid by the company. Under single tier system, dividend is bear(a) tax and the divided paid out to shareholders would be an exempted tax in the hands of shareholders.From here, the mechanis m of single tier dividend system is treated as a set out tax entity without any integration with the shareholders. However, under imputation tax system, any excess in the dividend payment for capital gain over the tax credit balance will cause the company to incur the s108 charge. Thus, lead not final tax to the company while will increase the cost of dividend payment. Here, imputation system will allow integration between company and shareholders whereby a company in its essence does not pay tax.The actual tax is calculated on the shareholders upon receiving dividend income The following(a) comparison is in the perspective of maintaining tax credit account (s 108 account). Maintaining tax credit account (s 108 account) require single tier dividend with no much than tax credit balance of companies to monitor because the company no longer has s108 charge issues and shareholders with authorities. However, it requires imputation tax system to maintain an imputation account to record income tax paid per year in credit side of the s108 account.A differences also occurs in payment of dividends to shareholders. For payment of dividends to shareholders under single tier divided for tax authorities, there is no more tax credit balance (s108 account) of companies to monitor. Hence, it also no necessity for them to process tax refunds to the shareholders and also no restriction for dividends payment. However, imputation tax system leading 108 account are to be debited the tax portion in s108 account. Continuing is the comparison perspective payment of capital gains as dividends to shareholders.Under single tier system, the company frank out profits such as dividends to shareholders without any restrictions in order to maintaining a tax imputation balance on dividend payments. However, imputation system stated any excess in the dividend payment for capital gain over the tax credit balance will cause the company to incur the s108 charge. Another comparison perspective is dividend income to shareholders. Frequently, shareholders receive the exempt dividend in single tier dividend which is not required to report the dividend income in their tax return.However, they have to slip by all the record and documents on this exempt dividend income for 7 years to substantiate this income in the event of a tax audit. In contrast, under imputation system, shareholders receiving net dividend would be assessed on gross dividend income under s4(c) while the tax deducted on dividend income would be given a deduction (s 110set off) against their income tax payable in that YA. Next is the comparison of come to expense incurred to aim shares. Now, the interest expense incurred to acquire shares is disregarded in the single tier dividend system as the dividend income is now tax exempt.In contrast, under imputation system, the dividend income is assesses under s4c of the Act which allowed interest expense to be deducted against gross dividend to arrive at statutory income. Thus, this will result in cash refund as the tax credit on dividend income exceeds tax payable on statutory income of dividend. Lastly is the differences of implementation. The existing company with s 108 credit balances has to apply transitional period from 1 January 2008 until 31 celestial latitude 2013 according to ss 38-57 of the Finance Act 2007(Act 683/2007).During transitional period, existing companies are slowly phase out from imputation system. Shareholders will not suffer immediately because many listed companies will continue to use imputation system to frank out dividends until 31 December 2013. After a transitional period, a single tier system will fully take place on 1 January 2104. Hence, the imputation system no longer using anymore. At the same time, any unutilized credit balance at s 108 account balance is deemed nil at 31 December. 3. 1 A Summary Table of Comparison between Single Tier Dividend and Imputation Tax System Single tier dividend Imputation ta x system (1. 1. 2008 on YA 2008 onwards) (Prior to YA 2008 bank 31. 12. 2007) (a) Income tax paid by the company Final tax Not final tax. The amount is allowed to be credited to s108 account to pay dividend to shareholders. (b) Integration to shareholders No. company and shareholders regarded as separate and individual entities Allow integration between company and shareholders whereby a company in its essence does not pay tax. The actual tax is calculated on the shareholders upon receiving dividend income. (c) Maintaining tax credit account (s 108 account) (d) Payment of dividends to shareholders (e) Payment of capital gains as dividends to shareholders (f) Dividend income to shareholders (g) Interest expense incurred on loan to acquire shares (h) implementation NoNo restrictionNo restrictionExempt dividendInterest expense is disregarded. Permanent lossFully in place on 1. 1. 2014 YesSubject to the availability credit in s 108 accountHas to incurred additional cash as s 108(6) c hargeTaxable dividend with tax credit on dividend income. s 110 set off . It will be used to set of the income tax payable for the YADeductible. The excess of interest expense over dividend income is not allowedExisting s 108 a/c balance may be used to pay dividend for YA 2018 till 31. 12. 2013. Section 108 a/c is deemed nil at 31. 12. 2013 4. 0 Examples 4. 1 New Company If there are any new companies that are planning to commence their businesses in YA 2008 or subsequent YAs, they will automatically start implementing single tier dividend system. The final tax will be monthly income tax paid by company.From here, there is a non-existing of section 108 account after commencement of new company start from YA 2008. Hence, new company doesnt have a necessity to maintain section 108 account. Meanwhile, a change has been do on dividend payment by company to shareholders. Now, it is not required to deduct tax from dividend paid or credited to shareholders. However, the company still has to follow one regulation at the same time. It will provide a statement on dividends paid to the tax authorities. The period must be dividend paid during the YA within 7 months after closing the accounts.If a failure to do so by company is an offence, liable and conviction to either a) a fine of between RM200 and RM2000 b) imprisonment of not more than 6 months c) or both. The dividends received by shareholders are not entitled to tax computation or tax return forms. It is also tax exempted on dividends received. However, shareholders need to keep their documentations and records. The main purpose is for future tax audit inspections. 4. 2 Existing Company Any existing company in YA 2007 is continuing to maintain section 108 account until the cut off and snappy at 31 December 2007.The existing company has the following circumstances a) Section 108 balance nil as at 31. 12. 2007. b) Section 108 balance is nil as at any date from 1. 1. 2008 to 31. 12. 2013. c) Section 108 balance is n il due to tax discharge, remittance or refund for tax assessments prior to YA 2008. d) Company exercised an irrevocable option during 1. 1. 2008 to 31. 12. 2013 to self zerolise section 108 balance to nil. The existing company will continue credit the last installment that is December 2007 monthly installment to section 108 account. In YA 2008, section 108 is not applicable anymore.While on 31 December 2007, the credit balance in section 108 is frozen. From this date onwards, credit balance will keep decreasing rather than increasing. It is used to pay cash dividend on ordinary shares until nil balance at 31 December 2013 or earlier than that. On 1 Jan 2014, all companies including existing companies are moved into a single tier dividend system. Companies with different year end have different treatment. A company with 31 December year end will have January 2008 monthly installment, and it is actually payable for December 2007 credited to section 108 account.In contrast, a company w ith non 31 December year end is allowed to have monthly income tax paid for the YA 2008 until 31 December 2007. On 31 December 2007, section 108 account is frozen and cut off. This account is keep continuing decrease by tax discharge, remittance or refund for tax assessments prior to YA 2008. Meanwhile, the composite assessment arising through tax investigation which is issued after 31 December 2007 shall not added to section 108 account balance. down the stairs is the table showing companies ending with different year end Table 4. 0 Section 108 account credit balanceCompanies Year End 31 December Non 31 December YA 2007 (31. 12. 2007) Last installment in Jan 2008 N/A YA 2008 N/A Monthly installment till 31. 12. 2007 31. 12. 2007 Credit balance frozen Credit balance frozen 1. 1. 2008 to 31. 12. 2013 To pay cash dividend on ordinary shares till nil balance To pay cash dividend on ordinary shares till nil balance 1. 1. 2014 Utilised s 108 balance Deemed nil Deemed nil 5. 0 Conclusion In a overview, single tier dividend system heart and soul that the dividend from the companies is an tax exempt dividend to shareholders.Company will no longer have section 108 (6) change issues and also shareholders will not face any additional taxes, even though their marginal tax reach 28%. Even tax authorization on the other end, no longer needs to monitor the tax credit balance section (108 account) of the company and also processing of the tax refunds to the shareholders. They are now able to intensify on tax audits to ensure complete tax compliance with the self assessment system. The single tier dividend system is deemed to be business friendly, economically and tax efficiency for the business environment.It is because it is no longer are a requirement to maintain tax credit balance for dividend payment. A portion of tax administration duties is now abolished so that human assets would be able to focus on tax efficiency duties. The change in the tax structure from imputati on to the single tier system are the most epochal changes as deemed in Malaysian tax laws. It is clearly a progressive measure, one that accords with international trends. In an international setting, the single-tier system or exemption system is seen by commentators as being more neutral than imputation .It achieves simplicity, resulting in efficiency savings for both businesses and tax authorities. It plugs tax leakages since no tax refunds are made under any circumstances. While imputation system discriminates against the non-resident shareholder (who is not granted a tax credit) in favour of the resident shareholder (who is granted a credit), however the single tier system eliminates this, thereby removing a discrimination against regional and multinational companies seeking a holding company locations in Malaysia.The government realized that the imputation system is not very sustainable anymore in we see it in the long run. So, if the tax rates were to be reduced encourage do wn in the future, the government needs a perfect system that will allow companys tax to be deemed as a final tax. In this case, the government have certainly had taken a bold step to move in the right direction. References 1. Choong. K.. F. (2009). Malaysian Taxation Principles and Practice. (15th ed. ) Malaysia InfoWorld. 2. Kasipillai. J. (2009). A Comprehensive sentinel to Malaysian Taxation. (4th ed. ) MalaysiaMcGraw-Hill.

Gas Laws Lab Essay

IntroductionThe four basic physical properties of a gas sample be pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles. The volume simply indicates the volume of the container since a gas will take up all space available to it. The temperature indicates the average kinetic push button of the gas particles. For gases, the temperature must be converted to the Kelvin unit. The pressure of the gas indicates the number of collisions with each other and the wall of the container. The number of moles indicates the amount of gas particles.Gases do not have a definite shape of volume. Gases spread step to the fore into their container and occupy the entire volume available, which means they are free to move near and have large amounts of empty space. In many chemical reactions, gases are produced for example, reactions involving metal carbonates that react with an acid produce gaseous carbon dioxide. ObjectiveTo pose the volume of gas produced from a reaction between a metal carbonate and acid and to determine the identity of an unknown carbonate salt.Pre-Lab Questions1. If you increase the temperature what happens to the upper of the particles? Explain. 2. What is the formula to convert Celsius temperature to Kelvin? a. C+273.15=K3. What are the standard conditions for a gas? Are you at standard conditions in the lab? 4. Boyles Law The principle that the volume of a given mass of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its pressure, as long as temperature remains constant. Boyles law is a subcase of the ideal gas law. P1V1 = P2V2 Charles Law The law of volumes. The volume of a fixed amount of gas at constant pressure is promptly proportional to the Kelvin temperature of the gas. (Temperature must be in Kelvin). V1T1= V2T2 V/T = K V1T2 = V2T1 Gay-Lussacs Law Pressure is directly proportional to temperature if the volume is constant. P1/T1 = P2/T2 5. What is the ensample Gas Law in formula form? What is the value for the proportionality constant with units? Wh y are those units so important?b. PV = nRTc. C = PV / T6. salve the balanced equations for CaCO3, BaCO3, Li2CO3, and Na2CO3 reactions with hydrochloric acid. 7. Calculate the molar mass of these same four metallic carbonates. LiCo3 = mass/mole 3.0036g/0.0344 mol = 87.31 g/molMaterials/Equipment* 3.0 M HCl (aq)* 5 ml graduated cylinder* Balloon String* Scissors* Weighing paper* 3g of unknown 2 carbonate salt* FunnelProceduresFirst measure out 5ml of 3.0 M HCl into the graduated cylinder and weigh 3 g of the unknown carbonate salt. Using the funnel, pour the unknown carbonate salt into the balloon and honk the open end of the balloon over the graduated cylinder and secure with a string. It is important to make sure the string is very tight to hamper the gas from leaking. Empty the contents of the balloon into the graduated cylinder that contains the 3.0 M HCl. After the gas fills the balloon, use a string and measure the circumference of the balloon. Observations change is limiting reactant.ConclusionBased upon our experiment, equations, and calculations that our unknown Carbonate Salt for Unknown D was Li2CO3 Lithium Carbonate. There could be a number of factors that could have caused us to receive an 18.1% error. How we held the balloon when tipping it over the acid could greatly affect the radius of our balloon.

Parents in child’s life Essay

P atomic number 18nts are an integral part of any kidskins life. They are his beneficial haven, his stepping stones and his personal cheerleaders. They are the people who create a person in the first place hence he/she owes their existence to them (Laura, 11). They give a child his name, his characteristics and his personality. They also give him both his negative and positive traits. So, in my opinion it is a foregone conclusion that parents identities do affect their children and in a aboriginal way.Some children may be modify more than the others but that everyone is affected by his mother and fathers individuality to some extent (however small) is indisputable. I will try to explain in my essay how the children are affected and also why they are influenced the way they are. The first important way in which a parents identity determines their kids identity is their lineage. Kids in almost every part of the universe are recognized by their parents pedigree or roots. Even w e as teenagers automatically classify our friends as African-Americans, Caucasian, Asian, Jewish and Muslim etc.Whether we like it not, whether it is identity and religious stereotyping or not, the situation cadaver that we are recognized by both our parents history and their religion. In the contemporary world, with all the talk of eradicating borders and walls between people, the fact remains that we still recognize people this way. Why, some may ask. Though no definite answer, it maybe because of the prejudices this world builds into us as kids where the color of a soldierys skin or the God he believes in is more important than the quality of his heart.A childs character is also affected by their parents identity (Dr. Haim, 201). We see the proof all around us. If a childs parents lie, chances are that the child will key to do so too. If they stress on the importance of honesty, the child may grow up to possess an honest nature. This is because even before a child comes into contact with his friends, his parents remain the sole and most complete influence in his life at least until he is five or six. It is the parents who define the naive characteristics of a child.Other than identity and character, a childs education and career is also affected by his parents identities. Most of the times, it has been seen that kids are only serious about their studies when they are pressurized to do well at home and enthusiastic interest is taken in their childs studies by both parents. This point that I am enumerating now may seem to apply more to the Eastern world then the Western one where emancipation and choice are quite important. solely in many Asian countries, kids are often encouraged to take after their father or keep an eye on careers that most of their relatives make a living off.Example a doctor may pauperization his son to take after him and an engineer may want his kids to take an interest in physics and math. So, in a way, even a kids livelihood is affected by their parents professions. The reason to this may be because people often feel safer when their kids are following their line of profession as they believe their kids will receive the required support from them. In short, it is fear of the unknown on the part of the parents. Another important area where parents identities influence their children is in the childs perception of himself/herself.An apt vitrine over here can be of India where the caste system is still staunchly followed (Thomas, 109). The lower castes (or Untouchables as they are called) are often ostracized and treated like animals. Many higher caste Hindus consider themselves polluted even if a whiff of their scent touches them. These so-called-Untouchables accept this inhumane interference without question. Psychologists believe it is because of their low self-image. Therefore, even their kids suffer from low self-esteem. This is a classic case of parents perception influencing their childs opinion of himself.Of course, like every regulate in the world, there are expulsions. There may be many instances when a child is not influenced by his parents identities and rises above it. An example is of Indian dada icon, Abhijeet Sawant, born into Indias lowest caste, but successful in becoming one of the countrys most famous pop stars. In our country itself, there are numerous examples. The creator of Peanuts, Charles Schultz was born in a very poor family. He did not let his parents identity as slum dog poor affect him. Another example is of veteran model Janice Richardson.She was born to an alcoholic mother (which says a lot about low self-perception) but grew up to be a cult icon in the world of modeling. Another very important exception is the orphans or kids from broken homes. I take nothing away from them when I say that some of them never even know their parents so there is no point of their getting influenced by them. They choose life and career paths and have characters tha t may be completely different form the people who gave birth to them. To conclude, there are always such exceptions but they are far and few in between.Most of the times, a persons parents identity does tend to influence their kids minds in a large way. The reason for this may be that most of us look up to our parents and want to enumerate them. But having said this, seeing the current world phenomenon, parents hold on their kids may be more absolute in the Eastern world than the Western. Works Cited A Book Dr. Haim G Ginott. Between Parent and Child. Crown. (Jul 22, 2003). Thomas, G. Parent Effectiveness Training. Three Rivers Press. (Oct 31, 2000) Laura Davis. Becoming the Parent You Want To Be. Broadway. (Feb 3, 1997)

Examine the Key Ideas Associated with Law and Punishment

Examine the key melodic themes associated with legal philosophy and avengement Law and Punishment go playscript in hand. There are Laws, which are the system of rules which a particular acres or community recognises as regulating the actions of followers, and thither are punishments, for when a member of express country/community breaks the rules. Punishment is defined as the infliction of a penalty or to cause pain for an offence.Most of the time it is not a choice as to whether you are part of a legality-following community because almost all countries in the world discombobulate some kind of law-system and lots the minute you turn the age where you are legally responsible or step off the boat, plane or train you are subjected to their laws. The Biblical views on punishment have often been based on the old testament teaching an eye for an eye. The bible overly lays out punishments for certain crimes that have the appearance _or_ semblance to follow this teaching. Except that at that place are many punishments in the bible that seem to be out of proportion to the crime e. . whoever curses his father or his produce will be put in to death. There are many problems with this orderment for example it does not state how old the son/daughter has to be to deserve this punishment, it seems to imply even a 4 year old who does not necessarily whop what they are saying can be put to death for cursing their parents. An eye for an eye is also relevant in todays laws, it is the basis of retri entirelyive evaluator that is present in our society. justificative justice is the theme that those who have through the crime should somehow pay plump for for what they did.Rachels said People deserve to be shareed in the same way that they have (voluntarily treated others) This seems handle a fair way of treating soulfulness because why some unitary should be discontinueed to do one social function and then not expect to be treated in the same way? But some pu nishments that are retributive e. g. capital punishment do not seem to benefit society and on that point is a risk of the punishment becoming revengeful not retributive. Retributive justice also causes a problem because it might trade name capital punishment a legitimate approach to punishment.I. e. If a person murders it is even off for them to be killed. And It also can principal sum the legal system to instead of appearing like someone is being made to pay back what they have done wrong to looking like the legal system is being hypocritical i. e. we are showing society that it is wrong to be violent by being violent to wrong doers. This is not how we should be teaching heap to not be violent. The punishment also must not be disproportionate to the crime e. g. sentencing a small claw to death for stealing a sweet from a shop.Some forms of punishment e. g. fines may be disproportionate because to people with money a fine does not make any difference but to someone who has jus t enough money or just below the money they need for necessities it can be a massive problem, but on average I think retributive measures helps to make the punishment be proportionate to the crime because the person can be treated the way they treated others. Deterrence is another form of punishment. It means that we should punish for crimes in order to deter others from committing the same crime i. e. f we know what the punishment for an act is we are less inclined to do it. However in that location are problems with this because it assumes that the perpetrator had intent and full knowledge of what they were doing was wrong but often violent crimes happen in the heat of the moment and are not planned and those violent crimes that are calculated are often done by those people who are mentally ill. Also, why should be punish someone for the sake of someone else? Reformative justice is becoming more ordinary in todays society and is the attempt to turn the criminal into a normal law abiding citizen.It is often based on the idea that everyone has an intrinsic value simply because they are human and the improvement of humans is good. According to deontology this is good because rehabilitation prevents people treating others as means. There is also a utilitarian argument for this because reformative justice improves the general quality of life in society. I also would argue that reformative justice is also attempt to right the inequality between the rich and poor. People from less well of backgrounds are more likely to commit crimes due to them having fewer opportunities and less education.Poorer people are also more likely to come from violent backgrounds and therefore are more likely to be violent themselves. Therefore reformative justice helps make up for this lack of opportunities by offering classes inside prisons for example. Although there are many good things about reformative punishments, there are also many problems. Reformation takes away the respons ibility for our actions and it does not attempt to right the wrong. This causes problems in itself because if there is no punishment other than reformation then there is no incentive for people not to commit crime, in fact there is almost an incentive to commit a crimeAnd why someone in prison should be getting opportunities that people outside the prison do not get. I would like to think that there is good in everyone but it would simply be impractical to think that we can rehabilitate everyone as some people are simply too far gone and do not want to change. Hobbes philosophised about why we want/need laws in society and he came up with an idea called the social contract theory. This idea was based on his notion that government is an agreement between a group of people where they agree not to hurt each other.This is fuelled by the motif of self-interest which gibe to Hobbes is pertinent because human beings are selfish creatures and therefore seek collective protection. i. e. I f I promise not to hurt you and you promise not to hurt me then neither of us gets hurt and were both happy. And this is what Hobbes believes to be the basis of our desire to keep the laws set out by the state we should avoid chaos because it is not in our best interests therefore we should keep the laws. Kant had a similar conclusion i. e. that we should keep the laws but for a different reason.Kant said that we should act so that you treat humanity, both in your own person and in that of another, always as an end i. e. we should keep the laws so that we do not treat others as means to an end. His idea of kingdom of ends states act in accordance with the maxims of a member giving universal laws for a merely attainable kingdom of ends where the kingdom of ends is a perfect community where all members respect each other as ends in themselves. This is what we should strive to achieve, and to be successful at this we should keep the laws of the community.Therefore we should keep the laws and to keep the laws means that we must punish those that break the law.. Evaluate the view that objectivity and relativism pose problems for the concept of law and punishment. Objectivity states that there are ethical principles that are always wrong or always right and they are normally established a priori i. e. without experience. Therefore as there are certain things that are always wrong we need a law to stop people from doing it. This law may be objectively right and its punishment for breaking the law may also be objectively right.Objectivity might support retributive justice Retributive justice is when someone pays back for their crime. This could support objectivity because it needs to be imposed with the consistency that objectivity provides therefore you could argue that Retributive justice only works with the objectivity and as retributive justice tends to be favoured in western societies perhaps objectivity does not pose such a problem with law and punishment. Hav ing said this there are still the problems it does cause.Objective ethical principles are established a priori therefore we cannot know them through experience. If we do not know them through experience, how can we really know if something is right or wrong and therefore how do we know if a law is right whilst using objectivity. Objectivity also does not allow for individual cases, it runs the risk of using a one size fits all policy towards law and punishment and whilst we do need some consistency amongst crimes, one size does not exactly fit all because not every crime is exactly the sameNormative relativism states that truth and morality is comparative to the country/society that one is in and therefore we cannot criticize other cultures as to how they do things. With regards to law and punishment this chooses us to the face that there are no definite truths or morals that can be applied in every situation around the world so Punishment is determined according to the country an d, if we take it relativism further, according to the circumstances of the case.Hobbes took a relativist view because he said that justice cannot be fixed, and each country/community has different ideas of what law and punishment should be all we should do is aim not be in chaos, not because it is wrong in an objective sense but because it does not serve or self-interest. Relativism may be a good thing because it allows each country to organise punishment as they see fit and there is merit in the systems that other countries have for example some people believe that Iraq was justified in the hanging of Saddam Hussein even though in our society the death penalty is not used.However it does have problems because it means that all forms of punishment are right as long as it is sure by society e. g. it would be right to hang a small child for stealing sweets if society thought it was the correct punishment. If punishment is decided relative to the circumstance and there is no consisten cy we could end up with a justice system where only some people would be punished and this could well lead to corruption, sexism and racism within the punishment system.It also means that there may be little point of having punishment because if only some cases lead to punishment then punishment would be pointless It would serve no deterrent or retributive purpose. Objectivity and Relativism both have merits and cause problems for law and punishment and I do not think either can work solely on their own because they have too many problems by themselves, but on the other hand I do not know if it is possible for Objectivity and Relativism to work together.Perhaps if the laws are objective but how we punish people is relative to each country, case and persons involved. For example although killing may be objectively wrong it may not be appropriate to treat a child who killed someone, an adult who killed someone by accident and an adult who killed someone out of hate all In the same wa y although they have all broken the same objective rule.

Letter of Advice

Letter of Advice COM200 Inter soulfulnessal Communication Instructor Sara Marcus January 9, 2012 Dear William and Linda, Let me start by formulation congratulations on your recent nuptials. The deuce of you are off to an excellent start in wanting advice on how to efficaciously communicate with integrity an new(prenominal). In taking an social communication class, I have learned several concepts that I would like to share with you throughout this letter. Communication is crucial in create and maintaining a relationship.A healthy communication style is spanking to longer lasting relationships. The bind Can We Talk is about the social function of communication in a marriage. Nara Schoenberg gave slap-up insight to giving advice to many that are adequate to read it that are in a marriage. This phrase highlighted how with practised communication skills a marriage testament be able to sustain itself-importance for a animation. The results of good effective communication hab its go away build a strong and long lasting relationship.In r stopering this bind Schoenberg arranges that communication means that youre sharing and really learnting to know one an new(prenominal) and happy marriages exhibits self-disclosure, or sharing your private savourings, fears, doubts and perceptions with your partner. These statements are what make water this article so relatable to its readers. We communicate in different ways hardly finding a compatible form of communication is lynchpin to any relationship. be able to communicate clearly and effective requires a certain level of confidence.The text book do Connections Understanding Interpersonal Communications explains that the basic principle of interpersonal communication deals with concept of who are you. Feeling sure and comfortable of your communicating skills will ensure good communication within the relationship. Your self-concept is how you look at yourself. It is a mental image that you have of yourse lf and it can relate to your mental strength or status in life. Ones self-concept affects ones perception, attitude and behavior, which can be present during the edge of interpersonal communication.Aspects of ones life influence their self-concept, which not only affect how people perceive them but how they perceive themselves. In the process of communication, self-knowledge and the way one feel about oneself is revealed to others, and affects how others react to them. Consequently, the perceptions one believes others have of them affect how they receive their communication, which influences their response. In relationships you have to be cognizant of how the opposite sex perceives issues.Men hear things other than than women. I relate this to my childhood when my parents would argue and my mother would say to my father You hear what you want to hear. This is evident in the study that was referenced in the article stringent Relationships Sometimes Mask Poor Communication. In the study, researchers asked 24 married couples to keep back part in an experiment in which two sets of couples sit down in chairs and tried to figure out the meaning of phrases whose meaning isnt entirely clear.The example used was a wife who says to her husband, its getting hot in here, as a hint for her husband to turn up the air conditioning a notch, may be surprised when he interprets her statement as a coy, amorous advance instead (Healthday, 2011). One way to avoid this mistake is not to be rushed and preoccupied. Stop and make sure you take in the place the other is trying to relay especially since the two of you are married. In being aware of the opposite sex, you have to be aware of how you say things as well.The tone of your voice can displace the message you are trying to send. The text suggests that work to shut judgments about the speakers appearance, tone of voice, or other such(prenominal) factors out of your mind when you are speaking with someone, and nidus on th e words and the meaning rather than on the person delivering the message. If you are unsure of a persons meaning, it is not taboo to ask what is meant. This is a technique that I use in my own marriage. Before a dis acceptment takes place, I will say to my husband I said now what did you hear? This clears up what my intended message was and helps me to modify my tone or body run-in that my fellow may have found offensive. This was a hard lesson learned because I was the one that said things without considering how it sounds to my husband. That was not how I wanted to portray myself and not get into unnecessary arguments. Linda you also have to keep in mind that you become very animated when you talk. Although William knows this about you, it could become offensive in the passionateness of the moment. Dr.Terry Orbuch refers to this anatomy of body language as a determining factor in the early age of marriage. In her book, Marital Instability, she surveyed 199 African American cou ples and 174 blank couples who were exactly married and found that body language can cause significant damage in a relationship if it is read the wrong way. William should be remindful of his always present grinning. In a majority of cases a great smile is a good thing. However, in times of turmoil a smile can be mistaken to mean that you are not taking the situation seriously.An excellent way to avoid conflict is to develop good hearing habits. We have, at some point, exhibited poor listening skills. Bad listening habits include Lack of interest in the subject, focus on the person, not on the content, interrupting, focus on the detail, missing the big picture, body language that signals disinterest, letting emotions block the meaning, and daydreaming. All these things can put any relationship in a downward spin. These habits could lead to misunderstandings and arguments. There are ways to avoid this. One way is to give your mate your full attention.Attend to what they are say ing not practiced with your ears but with your entire body. Make sure you are facing each other during the conversation. Having the right attitude contributes to your desire to want to know what the other is saying. The beside thing is having patience and understanding. Sometimes you might have a difficult time getting your point clearly across. If your spouse attempts to help you say what is need fall apartt get upset. This could be a good thing because they understand your point. This is always a way of showing support for them.Even if you do not agree with what they are saying, make sure respect what they have to say. Good listening skills also include knowing how to manage your reactions to what is being said. Before you respond, take a moment to think about what was said and how it makes you feel. Your response should reflect how you feel but should not sound like emotional tirade. A vital key to successful communication is having the ability to understand emotions and bein g able to express those emotions (Sole, 2011). This is often referred to as emotional intuition. steamy intelligence (EI) is the ability to identify, assess, and control the emotions of oneself and others. Emotional intelligence includes making good judgments about when to deal with emotions and keep them at bay. Kathy Sole feels that emotional intelligence also directly corresponds to emotional healththe high your EI, the much emotionally healthy you are. Ones emotional health keeps you in tuned with your feelings while being exposed to the feelings of others. This is beneficial in a marital relationship because you weart forget about you when dealing with your spouses feelings.The communication skills of any couple are established early on and can emend or become worse. In a marriage, communication skill should always improve and a step towards improvement is self-disclosure. Self-disclosure is the act of sharing aspects of your personal self with other people. This act allow s you find commonalities with each other as well as dislikes. Being able to open up to others is essential to developing a deeper companionship Self-disclosure and communication skills overall are important components of any healthy relationship.Self-disclosure lays the foundation for the type of relationship you will have with one another. Also it plays an important role in validating self-worth and identity. While self-disclosure have many benefits the amount of disclosure depends on what will be gained and how much are you losing to your partner. Being on the receiving end of disclosure requires a level of culpability and perhaps forgiveness. William and Linda again I want to congratulate you on your recent engagement. You two have a lifetime of perfecting your communication skills ahead of you.Using the concepts that I have mentioned in this letter will make it easier for you. Thank you for the honor of asking for my advice and wish you many years of happiness. Love, Tasha Refe rences Anonymous,. Close Relationships Sometimes Mask Poor Communication. (2011,January). U. S. News World Report,1. Retrieved January 9, 2012, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID2270370591). NARA SCHOENBERG. (2011,February6). Can we talk? Researcher talks about the role of communication in marriages. Houston Chronicle,p. 7.Retrieved January 9, 2012, from ProQuest Newsstand. (Document ID2260839481). Sole, K. (2011). Making Connections Understanding Interpersonal Communication. San Diego Bridgepoint Education. Orbuch, T. (2007). Interpersonal Relationships, in The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology, G. Ritzer (Ed. ), (Oxford Blackwell Publishing), 2390-2393. Veroff, J. , Orbuch, T. L. (2009). Studying Marital Relationships. In an edited volume called Research Methodologies inAfrican American Communities, change by J. Jackson C. Howard (Eds. ), Sage Publications.Letter of AdviceLetter of Advice COM200 Interpersonal Communication Instructor Sara Marcus January 9, 2012 Dear Willia m and Linda, Let me start by saying congratulations on your recent nuptials. The two of you are off to an excellent start in wanting advice on how to efficaciously communicate with one another. In taking an interpersonal communication class, I have learned several concepts that I would like to share with you throughout this letter. Communication is important in developing and maintaining a relationship.A healthy communication style is vital to longer lasting relationships. The article Can We Talk is about the role of communication in a marriage. Nara Schoenberg gave great insight to giving advice to many that are able to read it that are in a marriage. This article highlighted how with good communication skills a marriage will be able to sustain itself for a lifetime. The results of good effective communication habits will build a strong and long lasting relationship.In reading this article Schoenberg says that communication means that youre sharing and really getting to know one an other and happy marriages exhibits self-disclosure, or sharing your private feelings, fears, doubts and perceptions with your partner. These statements are what make this article so relatable to its readers. We communicate in different ways but finding a compatible form of communication is key to any relationship. Being able to communicate clearly and effective requires a certain level of confidence.The text book Making Connections Understanding Interpersonal Communications explains that the basic principle of interpersonal communication deals with concept of who are you. Feeling sure and comfortable of your communicating skills will ensure good communication within the relationship. Your self-concept is how you look at yourself. It is a mental image that you have of yourself and it can relate to your mental strength or status in life. Ones self-concept affects ones perception, attitude and behavior, which can be demonstrated during the process of interpersonal communication.Aspects of ones life influence their self-concept, which not only affect how people perceive them but how they perceive themselves. In the process of communication, self-knowledge and the way one feel about oneself is revealed to others, and affects how others react to them. Consequently, the perceptions one believes others have of them affect how they receive their communication, which influences their response. In relationships you have to be cognizant of how the opposite sex perceives things.Men hear things differently than women. I relate this to my childhood when my parents would argue and my mother would say to my father You hear what you want to hear. This is evident in the study that was referenced in the article Close Relationships Sometimes Mask Poor Communication. In the study, researchers asked 24 married couples to take part in an experiment in which two sets of couples sat in chairs and tried to figure out the meaning of phrases whose meaning isnt entirely clear.The example u sed was a wife who says to her husband, its getting hot in here, as a hint for her husband to turn up the air conditioning a notch, may be surprised when he interprets her statement as a coy, amorous advance instead (Healthday, 2011). One way to avoid this mistake is not to be rushed and preoccupied. Stop and make sure you understand the perspective the other is trying to relay especially since the two of you are married. In being aware of the opposite sex, you have to be aware of how you say things as well.The tone of your voice can displace the message you are trying to send. The text suggests that work to shut judgments about the speakers appearance, tone of voice, or other such factors out of your mind when you are speaking with someone, and focus on the words and the meaning rather than on the person delivering the message. If you are unsure of a persons meaning, it is not taboo to ask what is meant. This is a technique that I use in my own marriage. Before a disagreement takes place, I will say to my husband I said now what did you hear? This clears up what my intended message was and helps me to modify my tone or body language that my spouse may have found offensive. This was a hard lesson learned because I was the one that said things without considering how it sounds to my husband. That was not how I wanted to portray myself and not get into unnecessary arguments. Linda you also have to keep in mind that you become very animated when you talk. Although William knows this about you, it could become offensive in the heat of the moment. Dr.Terry Orbuch refers to this kind of body language as a determining factor in the early years of marriage. In her book, Marital Instability, she surveyed 199 African American couples and 174 White couples who were just married and found that body language can cause significant damage in a relationship if it is read the wrong way. William should be mindful of his always present smile. In a majority of cases a great smile is a good thing. However, in times of turmoil a smile can be mistaken to mean that you are not taking the situation seriously.An excellent way to avoid conflict is to develop good listening habits. We have, at some point, exhibited poor listening skills. Bad listening habits include Lack of interest in the subject, focus on the person, not on the content, interrupting, focus on the detail, missing the big picture, body language that signals disinterest, letting emotions block the meaning, and daydreaming. All these things can put any relationship in a downward spin. These habits could lead to misunderstandings and arguments. There are ways to avoid this. One way is to give your mate your full attention.Attend to what they are saying not just with your ears but with your entire body. Make sure you are facing each other during the conversation. Having the right attitude contributes to your desire to want to know what the other is saying. The next thing is having patience and understa nding. Sometimes you might have a difficult time getting your point clearly across. If your spouse attempts to help you say what is needed dont get upset. This could be a good thing because they understand your point. This is always a way of showing support for them.Even if you do not agree with what they are saying, make sure respect what they have to say. Good listening skills also include knowing how to manage your reactions to what is being said. Before you respond, take a moment to think about what was said and how it makes you feel. Your response should reflect how you feel but should not sound like emotional tirade. A vital key to successful communication is having the ability to understand emotions and being able to express those emotions (Sole, 2011). This is often referred to as emotional intelligence.Emotional intelligence (EI) is the ability to identify, assess, and control the emotions of oneself and others. Emotional intelligence includes making good judgments about wh en to deal with emotions and keep them at bay. Kathy Sole feels that emotional intelligence also directly corresponds to emotional healththe higher your EI, the more emotionally healthy you are. Ones emotional health keeps you in tuned with your feelings while being exposed to the feelings of others. This is beneficial in a marital relationship because you dont forget about you when dealing with your spouses feelings.The communication skills of any couple are established early on and can improve or become worse. In a marriage, communication skill should always improve and a step towards improvement is self-disclosure. Self-disclosure is the act of sharing aspects of your personal self with other people. This act allows you find commonalities with each other as well as dislikes. Being able to open up to others is essential to developing a deeper connection Self-disclosure and communication skills overall are important components of any healthy relationship.Self-disclosure lays the fo undation for the type of relationship you will have with one another. Also it plays an important role in validating self-worth and identity. While self-disclosure have many benefits the amount of disclosure depends on what will be gained and how much are you losing to your partner. Being on the receiving end of disclosure requires a level of culpability and perhaps forgiveness. William and Linda again I want to congratulate you on your recent engagement. You two have a lifetime of perfecting your communication skills ahead of you.Using the concepts that I have mentioned in this letter will make it easier for you. Thank you for the honor of asking for my advice and wish you many years of happiness. Love, Tasha References Anonymous,. Close Relationships Sometimes Mask Poor Communication. (2011,January). U. S. News World Report,1. Retrieved January 9, 2012, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID2270370591). NARA SCHOENBERG. (2011,February6). Can we talk? Researcher talks about the role of communication in marriages. Houston Chronicle,p. 7.Retrieved January 9, 2012, from ProQuest Newsstand. (Document ID2260839481). Sole, K. (2011). Making Connections Understanding Interpersonal Communication. San Diego Bridgepoint Education. Orbuch, T. (2007). Interpersonal Relationships, in The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology, G. Ritzer (Ed. ), (Oxford Blackwell Publishing), 2390-2393. Veroff, J. , Orbuch, T. L. (2009). Studying Marital Relationships. In an edited volume called Research Methodologies inAfrican American Communities, Edited by J. Jackson C. Howard (Eds. ), Sage Publications.

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Question 1 0 show up(a) of 2. 5 points 1. Escoge la forma correcta de los verbos check bit completar la carta de Ryan a sus padres. Queridos papa y mama Yo __________ muy triste reaction Selected reaction soy right execute estoy Question 2 0 out of 2. 5 points porque el semestre en Madrid ____________ y dish out Selected coif esta terminado lay out serve esta terminando Question 3 2. 5 out of 2. 5 points en poco tiempo voy a ______________ en casa. suffice Selected termination estar manufacture resolvent estar Question 4 2. 5 out of 2. 5 points Para mi ______________ una experiencia inolvidable y resolving Selected Answer ha sido Correct Answer ha sido Question 5 0 out of 2. 5 points realmente _____________ dificil imaginar queAnswer Selected Answer esta Correct Answer es Question 6 2. 5 out of 2. 5 points ____________ aqui seis meses. Answer Selected Answer he estado Correct Answer he estado Question 7 2. 5 out of 2. 5 points Voy a volver y la rutina en casa va a ser diferente, pues aqui normalmente vamos a nuestro restaurante favorito los viernes despues de clases. ___________ un restaurante queAnswer Selected Answer es Correct Answer es Question 8 2. 5 out of 2. 5 points _______________ cerca de mi piso yAnswer Selected Answer esta Correct Answer esta Question 9 2. 5 out of 2. 5 points ______________ muy popular entre los estudiantes. Answer Selected Answer es Correct Answer es Question 10 0 out of 2. 5 points _______________ grande, tiene precios buenos yAnswer Selected Answer esta Correct Answer es Question 11 0 out of 2. 5 points y la comida _____________ deliciosa. Answer Selected Answer esta Correct Answer es Question 12 2. 5 out of 2. 5 points La duena del restaurante _____________ una mujer muy simpatica yAnswer Selected Answer es Correct Answer es Question 13 0 out of 2. 5 points ella ___________ ____ una cantante de flamenco muy famosa en los 70. Answer Selected Answer ha sido Correct Answer fue Question 14 2. 5 out of 2. 5 points Despues de cenar, vamos a escuchar musica. Por lo general vamos a la Plaza Mayor en donde tocan grupos buenos.En mi grupo ________________ seis amigos yAnswer Selected Answer somos Correct Answer somos Question 15 0 out of 2. 5 points y hasta ahora __________________ inseparables. Answer Selected Answer seremos Correct Answer hemos sido Question 16 2. 5 out of 2. 5 points Mis amigos y yo siempre _________________ contentos de hacer cosas juntos yAnswer Selected Answer estamos Correct Answer estamos Question 17 0 out of 2. 5 points casi nunca _________________ aburridos. Answer Selected Answer vamos a serCorrect Answer hemos estado Question 18 2. 5 out of 2. 5 points Os seguire escribiendo mas tarde porque tengo que estudiar para mi examen de gramatica que creo que _____________ muy difici l. Nada mas por el momento. Besos, RyanAnswer Selected Answer va a ser Correct Answer va a ser Question 19 0 out of 2. 5 points 2. Completa los espacios en blanco con la conjugacion que corresponda al contexto. Ayer me encontre con mi amigo Ramon y me dijo que en los ultimos diez anos su vida (cambiar) __________ mucho. Answer Selected Answer cambio Correct Answer evaluation manner Correct Answer lineament predisposition necessitate chalk up ha cambiado Question 20 0 out of 2. 5 points (casarse) ____________________ tres veces,Answer Selected Answer le caso Correct Answer Evaluation Method Correct Answer Case predisposition Exact Match se ha casado Question 21 0 out of 2. 5 points y (divorciarse) ______________ dos. Answer Selected Answer ha divorciado Correct Answer Evaluation Method Correct Answer Case sensitivityExact Match se ha divorciado Question 22 2. 5 out of 2. 5 points Ahora (vivir) ____________con su ter cera esposa en una casa pequena en las montanas. Answer Selected Answer esta viviendo Correct Answer Evaluation Method Correct Answer Case Sensitivity Exact Match vive Exact Match esta viviendo Question 23 2. 5 out of 2. 5 points Ella (ser) __________ profesoraAnswer Selected Answer es Correct Answer Evaluation Method Correct Answer Case Sensitivity Exact Match es Question 24 2. out of 2. 5 points pero no (trabajar) _______________ en este momento. Answer Selected Answer trabaja Correct Answer Evaluation Method Correct Answer Case Sensitivity Exact Match esta trabajando Exact Match trabaja Question 25 2. 5 out of 2. 5 points El ano pasado (tener) __________ un bebe yAnswer Selected Answer tuvo Correct Answer Evaluation Method Correct Answer Case Sensitivity Exact Match tuvo Question 26 0 out of 2. 5 points ahora (dedicarse) _____________ a cuidarlo en casa.Answer Selected Answer han dedicado Correct Answer Evaluation Method Correct Answer Case Sensitivity Exact Match se dedica Question 27 2. 5 out of 2. 5 points A Ramon (encantar) ____________ esquiar y es profesor de esqui,Answer Selected Answer le encanta Correct Answer Evaluation Method Correct Answer Case Sensitivity Exact Match le encanta Question 28 0 out of 2. 5 points pero ultimamente no (nevar) _______________ mucho. Answer Selected Answer neva Correct Answer Evaluation Method Correct Answer Case Sensitivity Exact Match ha nevado Question 29 0 out of 2. 5 points El ano pasado, por ejemplo, no (nevar) ___________ casi nada yAnswer Selected Answer ha nevado Correct Answer Evaluation Method Correct Answer Case Sensitivity Exact Match nevo Question 30 0 out of 2. 5 points solamente 10 000 personas (ir) ___________ de vacaciones a las montanas. Answer Selected Answer habeis ido Correct Answer Evaluation Method Correct Answer Case Sensitivity Exact Match fueron Question 31 0 out of 2. 5 points Los hoteles normalmente (tener) ___________ capacidad para 20 000, ? fue una temporada malisima Answer Selected Answer tiene Correct Answer Evaluation Method Correct Answer Case Sensitivity Exact Match tienen Question 32 0 out of 2. 5 points Ahora la gente no (ir) ___________ a las montanas tanto como antes. Answer Selected Answer None Given Correct Answer Evaluation Method Correct Answer Case Sensitivity Exact Match va Question 33 0 out of 2. points Veronica quiere preparar una receta de su amiga Susana pero no esta segura de lo que debe hacer. Llama a Susana por telefono para pedirle ayuda. Completa la conversacion con los pronombres de objeto directo en donde sea posible. Si en algun lugar no es posible usar el pronombre, escribe x (in lower case). Susana ? Ya tienes los ingredientes? Veronica Si, ______tengo todos menos el cocoAnswer Selected Answer ya Correct Answer Evaluation Method Correct Answer Case Sensitivity Exact Match los Question 34 0 out of 2. 5 points no _______ venden en esta epoca del ano aqui. Answer Selected Answer todvia Correct Answer Evaluation Method Correct Answer Case Sensitivity Exact Match lo Question 35 0 out of 2. 5 points S Bueno, ________no importa tanto. Primero debes lavar los melocotones y las manzanas. Answer Selected Answer todavia Correct Answer Evaluation Method Correct Answer Case Sensitivity Exact Match x Question 36 0 out of 2. 5 points V Si, ________ estoy lavando ahora mismo. Answer Selected Answer yaCorrect Answer Evaluation Method Correct Answer Case Sensitivity Exact Match los Question 37 0 out of 2. 5 points S Luego debes cortar la fruta en pedazos y separar_______ Answer Selected Answer ya Correct Answer Evaluation Method Correct Answer Case Sensitivity Exact Match la Question 38 0 out of 2. 5 points las manzanas ________ pones en un cuenco yAnswer Sele cted Answer ya Correct Answer Evaluation Method Correct Answer Case Sensitivity Exact Match las Question 39 out of 2. 5 points _________ banas con el jugo del limon. Despues agregas los melocotones y echas unas hojitas de menta encima. Answer Selected Answer ya Correct Answer Evaluation Method Correct Answer Case Sensitivity Exact Match las Question 40 0 out of 2. 5 points Es todo. Estoy segura de que te va a encantar _____. V Yo tambien. Ya sabes que la fruta me gusta mucho. Answer Selected Answer None Given Correct Answer Evaluation Method Correct Answer Case Sensitivity Exact Match x

Reflecting on one’s Communication Skills Essay

cornerstoneNursing savants potty enhance their learning through and through reflection that is, reflecting on a situation that involves nursing sell (Parker 2006, p.115). In line with this thought, I shall reflect on an roll in the hay and discuss the discourse skills I used or should acquire a bun in the oven used during the unhurried encounter. I bequeath use the three what model based on the work of Borton (1970) and Boud (1985) to help coordinate my reflection. Before going any further, I am invoking the provision in the NMC (2008) code which offers the need to respect peoples confidentiality hence, the identity of the patient who will be cited in this reflection will be kept anonymous. He will be given a pseudonym and will simply be referred to as Mr. B What? Mr. B is a 75-year-old patient in a nursing home diagnosed with aberration. Initially, it was my mentor who initiated nursing care to him and I was instructed to continue its delivery.The rationale why my mento r assigned me to Mr. B was so I can sharpen my communication skills. During my interaction with Mr. B, I tried to remain calm and spoke in slow and picayune sentences. I likewise used simple words although at times, I cannot help but repeat what I have already said because I was not sure whether the patient understood my statements. So What? At first, I was h binglestly hesitant and quite nervous when I interacted with the patient. I was already aware of his condition hence, I was in a dilemma as to how I can progress with him. This experience helped me realise that communication is truly an important part of nursing practice. Mastering all the routine nursing tasks and other complicated nursing interventions will all have been for aught if a nurse does not know how to initiate a nurse-patient alterative relationship or interaction which naturally begins with communication.To simply put it, Ellis, Gates and Kenworthy (2003, p.214) declare that good communication is vital to ef fective nursing. According to Collins (2009) good communication helps build a therapeutic relationship which is central to nursing. It is a essential for a nurse to be able to communicate effectively with the patient because communication is the tool that will allow the nurse to reassure a patient, put the patient, motivate the patient, put a patient at ease, and convey understanding of the patients concerns (Collins 2009). I realised that communicating with a patient with dementia is more difficult than I have actually predicted. His condition was definitely the barrier that hindered effective communication.Even though I spoke in clear, short and simple sentences, there were still instances when the patient did not understand what I said or whitethorn be pretended to have not hear what I said. With this, I realise that one effective counter against such circumstance is to establish and maintain genuine rapport with the patient which can be done through frequent therapeutic conv ersations with the patient. Rapport entails trust and confidence of the patient to the nurse. Without, a nurse will have difficulty convincing a patient to follow instructions or adhere to advices.The experience alike led me to realise the importance of valuing non-verbal communication. Before, I honestly took for granted non-verbal communication because the patients I handled in the past had no cognitive impairments that hindered verbal communication. It was only during this experience that verbal communication is less reliable due to the patients condition. This experience pointed out that a patients facial expression, presence or absence of eye contact, and bodily gestures can all help decipher a patients mood, feelings and attitude towards the nurse and the interventions given by the nurse. Videbeck (2010, p.107) relate that it is crucial for a nurse to understand what a patient is trying to communicate by manner of observing non-verbal cues. I learned that a truly competent n urse is someone who is able to assess not only what a patient can verbalise but also assess those non-verbal cues displayed by apatient which may lead the nurse to truly understand how the patient feels and what the patient needs.Now What The experience helped me learn the importance of both verbal and non-verbal communication. As an aspiring nurse, I have to continuously sharpen my communication skills because I shall be interacting with more varied patients in the future. I have to be able to establish rapport with each new patient and I can do this by communicating with them. I essential maximise my communication with my patients because I can do a lot of things by communicating such as motivate, empower, educate and understand my patients. Conclusion To sum up, reflecting on an experience will help discover different important learning. It will increase ones knowledge identify strengths and weaknesses in ones skills. Communication is key to building rapport and therapeutic rela tionship with patients. A nurse must always improve on his or her communication skills in order to better deliver nursing care.ReferencesCollins, S. (2009). Good communication helps to build a therapeutic relationship. (online) available at http//www.nursingtimes.net/nursing-practice/clinicalspecialisms/educators/good-communication-helps-to-build-a-therapeuticrelationship/5003004.articleEllis, R., Gates, B. and Kenworthy, N. (2003). Interpersonal communication in nursing Theory and practice. London Churchill Livingstone.Nursing & Midwifery Council (2008). The code Standards of conduct, runance and ethics for nurses and midwives. London NMC. Parker, M. (2006). esthetic ways in day-to-day nursing. In Freshwater, D. (Ed.). Therapeutic nursing Improving patient care through self-awareness and reflection. London SAGE Publications Ltd.Videbeck, S. (2010). Psychiatric-mental health nursing. 5th edn.,Philadelphia Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.IntroductionAseptic technique is the practice o f carrying out a procedure in such a way that minimises the risk of introducing contamination into a vulnerable neighborhood or contaminating an invasive devise (Dougherty and Lister 2011, p.129). Aseptic technique includes several methods such as sterilising instruments, using antiseptic hand scrubs, and donning of sterile gowns, gloves, caps and masks (Cho and Alessandrini 2008, p.43). In line with this thought, this essay will explore the underlying rationales and evidence for the performance of two commonplace methods of aseptic technique. These methods are hand lavation and gloving which I in person performed many times during practice placements.Practising Aseptic Technique The delivery of effective nursing care rests on the hands of the nurse. This statement does not only render figuratively but also literally because the hands of a nurse must not only be capable of performing tasks, it must also be clean while performing such tasks. Hand washing is simply indispensable i n the performance of any and all kinds of nursing care activities. It becomes too mundane that sometimes it is intentionally or unintentionally neglected or performed in a manner that is less than satis grammatical constituenty. As a student nurse, it was made clear to me that proper hand washing is a very important initial step in the delivery of nursing services.I have performed hand washing countless times, some at an acceptable standard while others below standard. The origin for strongly recommending or rather enforcing the need to perform hand washing may be traced from Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis who advocated the performance of hand washing with a chlorinated solution among doctors before assisting women in labour (Case 2011). White (2005, p.527) defines hand washing as the rubbing together of all surfaces www.newessays.co.uk and crevices of the hands using a soap or chemical and water. It is a part of all types of isolation precautions and is the most basic and effective infection -control measure to prevent and control the transmission of infectious agents. Hand hygiene which includes hand washing and gloving, is the single most crucial means of preventing transmission of antibiotic-resistant organisms such as the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or MRSA and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci or VRE (LeTexier 2011).The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (2003, p.28) or NICE in its rule of thumb for infection control dictate that hand washing and gloving are two fundamental modes of preventing healthcare-associated infection. The World Health Organization (2006) highly recommends that health care workers dampen gloves to prevent microorganisms present on the hands to be transmitted to patients and to reduce the risk of workers acquiring infection from patients. The effectiveness of donning gloves in preventing contamination of infectious agents has been confirm in many clinical trials (WHO 2006). To reiterate, both hand washing a nd gloving are two of the most indispensable methods of aseptic technique however, amidst the overwhelming evidence on the benefits of both procedures, there are still erring professionals. Nurses, doctors and other health care professionals still do err in the performance of such procedures.In my case, I have done it many times before but sometimes, I still forget to do it or consciously neglect to do it. Perhaps, the problem lies not within the knowledge of the need to perform it but rather on the manner by which it should be perform. There are alter ways and means of performing hand washing. In fact there are different kinds of hand washing. There is the medical hand washing which is equivalent to ordinary hand washing and there is also the surgical hand washing. Every institution has its own version on how to perform hand washing.This is also true for donning gloves. There are different brands of gloves each of which advertise some form of advantage over the other. There are a lso different modes of donning gloves such as the open technique and the close technique. There are also different varieties of gloves like clean gloves and surgical gloves. The differences and varieties with the way hand washing and gloving may be performed may account for the reason why some professionals err in the performance of these two important aseptic technique procedures. Another factor in the possible non-compliance of some healthcare professionals may be related to convenience in the performance of such procedures. For instance, when a nurse is overwhelmed by work-related idiom due to high inpatient census, sometimes, the simple act of washing hands is intentionally neglected.As a solution to this, it is recommended to make hand hygiene well-off (JCR 2009, p.64). Instead of the traditional soap and water, it is possible to achieve the same effect with alcohol based scrub thereby, eliminating the need for washing hands with water. It is also better(predicate) to choose gloves that have special fit for different sizes of hands rather than the fit-all type of gloves. Conclusion In summary, hand washing and gloving are two common types of aseptic technique which are indispensable in the everyday practice of nursing. It has been well established that hand washing and gloving are crucial in the economic delivery of services particularly in the aspect of preventing the spread of infection. Despite this known fact, some still err in complying with such procedures.ReferencesCase, C. (2011). Handwashing. online Available athttp//www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEC/CC/hand_background.phpCho, C. and Alessandrini, E. (2008). Aseptic technique. In King, C., Henretig, F. and King , B. (Eds.). Textbook of pediatric emergency procedures. Philadelphia Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.Dougherty, L. and Lister, S. (2011). The Royal Marsden Hospital Manual ofClinical Nursing Procedures Student edition. 8th edn., Chichester tail Wiley & Sons Ltd.Joint billing Resources ( 2009). Meeting joint commissions infection prevention and control requirements A priority focus area. 2nd edn., Illinois Joint Commission Resources.LeTexier, R. (2011). Preventing infection through hand washing. Online.Available at http//www.infectioncontroltoday.com/articles/2000/07/preventing-infection-throughhandwashing.aspxNational Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (2003). Infection control Prevention of healthcare-associated infection in elemental and community care. online. Available at http//www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/CG2fullguidelineinfectioncontrol.pdfWhite, L. (2005). Foundations of nursing. London Thompson Delmar Learning.www.newessays.co.ukNursing Essay SampleWorld Health Orgnization (2006). The first global patient safety challenge lightheaded care is safer care. online. available at http//www.who.int/gpsc/tools/Infsheet6.pdfwww.newessays.co.uk

Compared Writing Styles of Rowlandson, Bradford, and Byrd

The writing styles of Rowlandson and Bradford are very similar, season Byrds writing style is different from the other two. Rowlandsons journal is a narraritive of her captivity, and Bradfords journal is a narrative of his tour to and arrival at his destination in the New World. Byrds journal was was written as a satire, to fundamentally shuffling fun of Rowlandson and Bradfords religious views. Mary Rowlandson unbroken the journal of her captivity to inform future generations of her experiences spot being held captive and used as a slave by the Indians whom kidnapped her and her children.Rowlandons main purpose in this passage is to show how her experiences revealed Gods purpose. Throughout the passagee Rowlandson makes reference to how God helped her through this difficult time. She was very stong in her trust and her views on her faith in God. In the passage Rowlandson expressses her gratefulness that her belief in God unbroken her from committing suicide. I cannot alone hold back notice of the wondrful mercy of God to me in those afflictions, in sending me a Bible.The above quote is one of the many times she makes regerence to how appreciative she is of God in her tine of trouble. As Rowlandon writes, she uses six-fold strategies throughout her passage. On one many being allegory. Rowlandon uses allegories by placing biblical quotations to split symbolic inwardness to her experiences. William Bradfords writing techniques and purpose are very similar to that of Rowlandson. Bradford writes about his voyage to the New World and experiences that take place once they reached land.Just like Rowlandon, Bradfords writing is to inform future generations of his experiences in the New World. Bradford give account of his voyage to the New World on the Mayflower, landding in the New world, and the hardships that he battled throughout it all. Bradford, frequently like Rowlandon, talked about how grateful he was for God to provide fot him and bring hin throu gh his trials,. But it happy God before they came half seas over. In many instances, such as the above, Bradford gave God credit, and was very appreciative of it.William Byrd, unlike Bradford and Rowlandon, did not write a captivity nattatiive, but instead just kept an account of events. He did not give God credit for everything, but instead, used satire to make fun of Rowlandon and Bradford. Byrd was not saying that God meant nothing and he did not believe in him, but he did not constantly credit him with everything. As it is implied, Rowlandson and Bradford have very similar writing techniques, dapple Byrd had a different style than the other two.