Research: Computer and Video Games

Chapter Two Abstract This research paper explores published articles that report on results from research conducted on how portable electronic communication gadgets affect a student’s study habit. The articles, however, may vary in their own point of view regarding the effects on the students. According to A. Saez (2011), it was pointed out that technology is an integral part of our day-to-day lives. Other articles included in this paper elaborated positive and negative effects of gadgets. According to Admin (2011), electronic gadget devices can have positive and negative effects on youth.Also, According to Jessy Norman (2009), computers and other related technologies have become an enormous part of our daily lives. They have altered our sense of people, space, and time. shadow66 (2006) has pointed it out that the main problem is the proper use of this gadgets or the knowledge that are easy to be accessed. Introduction Electronic Communication gadgets are essential to society and to people’s everyday lives. These gadgets have benefits but as well as drawbacks. Take modern technology as an example to elaborate.According to shadow66 (2006) Advantages and Disadvantages of Modern Technology; Technology can be defined as science applied to practical purposes. Nowadays, when the rapidness of development and research is so impressive, it is easy to think about the advantages of modern technology. On the minus side, there is weaponry which is the inseparable issue of the new technologies. Hence, the main problem is the proper use of this knowledge. Nevertheless, weapon engineering propels and provides a huge advance also the industry despite highly developed machinery pollutes the globe.According to Admin (2011) What is the Effect of Electronic Gadgets on Youth? ; Electronic gadget devices can have positive and negative effects on youth. According to the National Institute on Media and the Family, video games can help children practice following direction s and problem solving, and refine motor and spatial skills. Negative effects include social isolation, aggressive behavior, violence, confusing reality and fantasy, and poor grades. Signs of possible psychological addiction to computer or video game use among youth an include worsening school grades; choosing the computer or video games over family, friends or social activities; or restlessness and irritability when not playing a video game or on the computer. Signs of possible psychological addiction to computer or video game use among youth can include worsening school grades; choosing the computer or video games over family, friends or social activities; or restlessness and irritability when not playing a video game or on the computer. According to Australia's media network ABC, Monash University's research shows that children who sent text messages were faster on some tests, but also less accurate.In a NetWorkWorld article, Text Message Language Won't Affect Kids Spelling, Canad a's University of Alberta said that boys who used emphasized â€Å"text speak† were on average worse spellers, while girls who largely abbreviated were better spellers. A 2007 Pew Internet & American Life Project study revealed that strangers contacted 43 percent of social-networking teens online; 31 percent of social-networking teenagers have online â€Å"friends† they have never personally met. According to Jessy Norman (2009) Bad Effects of Technology; Computers and other related technologies have become an enormous part of our daily lives.They have altered our sense of people, space, and time. From our living rooms, we can now talk to people, and watch events unfold in far-off places. Shopping, banking, and game playing are just a few of the other daily activities that have also changed. So many aspects of the ways we communicate and handle information have been altered by technological development. Cellular phones, answering machines, voice mail, fax machines, cab le televisions, computer networks, satellite communications and e-mail are only some recent changes.Other manifestations of this change would be the location of where it is happening. Yes, it is everywhere, including the classrooms for the use of educating children. Technology is now becoming more popular in the presence of classrooms all around the world. Tomorrow's future is in the hands of today's students. According to Angel Lucifer (2009) What Are The Negative And Positive Effects Of Advance Technologies, Like The Internet, To Student's Performance? ; One of the most compelling arguments made against the use of omputers by children is the risk of repetitive motion injury such as carpal tunnel syndrome. This problem may be greater for children than for adults because their musculature and skeletal systems are not fully formed and may be at greater risk for injury. Children's risk of suffering repetitive motion injuries may be further increased because they tend to use computers that are sized for adults, placed on adult-sized furniture, and positioned for an adult user. Another possible risk of using computers is eye-strain, which may include dryness due to not blinking enough, headaches, and blurry vision.To reduce this risk, it is important to limit the time spent staring at the screen; take frequent breaks, making sure to focus the eyes on distant objects; and blink frequently. It is also important to position the monitor sixteen to twenty-seven inches away and in a way that ensures that the user views it at a slightly downward angle. Following some highly publicized events in Japan, it has been suggested that there may be a risk of seizure for children playing video games containing bright flashing lights. Many video games include an elementary school student uses a computer in the school library while another students looks on.The ease and facility with which children use computers comes from the ability children have for assimilating tools in their e nvironment for their personal use. (O'Brien Productions/Corbis) a warning to this effect in their documentation. Fortunately, very few children are susceptible to this condition. For those who are, however, this is potentially a very serious situation. According to Alex Saez (2011) Bad Effects of Electronic Gadgets; Technology is an integral part of our day-to-day lives. People all over the world rely on it for things like communication, organization and employment.Not a day goes by when you don't encounter someone talking on his cell phone, tapping away on a laptop or listening to an MP3 player. While this technology is impressive, there are certain drawbacks in areas like health, public safety and education that should be addressed. Being aware of these dangers can help diminish or reverse these drawbacks. According to the website Healthy Hearing, one-third of teenagers own an MP3 player, such as an iPod. Dr. Craig Kasper, Director of Audiology at the New York Otolaryngology Group , warns that these devices can cause ear damage if used improperly.If the volume is too high or if the individual listens for a long time, hearing damage can happen. Also, ear buds are more dangerous than regular headphones. Healthy Hearing recommends that listeners keep the volume below 70 percent and limit listening time to between 60 and 90 minutes. If you want to listen indefinitely, turn the volume down to 50 percent. Text slang, such as â€Å"ur† instead of â€Å"you're† is commonly used through cell phone texting. However, a recent study shows that kids and teens are actually letting these obscure abbreviations seep into their normal writing.A recent study by Pew Internet in 2008 revealed that 50 percent of students use informal slang in their assignments. Furthermore, 38 percent admit they have used abbreviations in their schoolwork like â€Å"LOL†, which stands for â€Å"laugh out loud†. Additionally, 25 percent say that they use emoticons such a s â€Å"smiley faces† in formal writing. The problem has become so apparent that some U. S. politicians are concerned that the English language and sentence structure is being twisted, negatively affecting students' learning. Electronic gadgets are now very essential to our society today.We need electronic gadgets to do business, to have some recreation and help us get through our daily lives. For better or worse, technology has a significant influence on the study habits of students. In many ways, such as with computers, researching and fact gathering is made easier. However, whether you are a student, a teacher or a parent, you have probably found that the vice is often wrapped in the virtue, and that the same things that are beneficial can also prove to be distracting. References Admin, (2011). Electronic gadget devices result to positive and negative effects on youth. What is the Effect of Electronic Gadgets on Youth?Lucifer, A. (2009). Use of computers by children is the risk of repetitive motion injury. What Are The Negative and Positive Effects of Advance Technologies to Student’s Performance? Norman, J. (2009). Computers and other related technologies have become an enormous part of our daily lives. Bad Effects of Technology. Saez, A. (2011). People all over the world rely on it for things like communication, organization and employment. Bad Effects of Electronic Gadgets. Shadow66, (2006). Technology can be defined as science applied to practical purposes. Advantages and Disadvantages of Modern Technology.

Economic Recovery Post-Depression: The New Deal

Roosevelt's New Deal The Great Depression started in the United states but spread into a worldwide economic down-turn. The stock market crash of 1929 caused Billions of dollars to be lost along with thousands of investors. It was the â€Å"deepest and longest-lasting economic downturn in the history of the Western industrialized world up to that time†(Stock Market Crash). Some say that this was a starting cause of the Great Depression. Over 20,000 banks failed. On average â€Å"one out of four†(Living New Deal) of Americans were out of work by 1933. If people aren't working families go hungry.Some had it harder in the Dust Bowl. In Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Texas kids wore dusk masks and farmers watched their crops blow away. Years of drought and poor farming technique created these problems and the dust that blew in to homes. In 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt after his election put in place reforms for economic recovery, job creation, and civic uplift to reverse the effects of the Dust Bowl and the Great Depression called the New Deal. The New Deal offered economic recovery through the Securities and Exchange Commission(SEC) and several other programs.These programs aided the bankrupt local and state governments and â€Å"injected a huge amount of federal spending to bolster aggregate incomes and demand†(Living New Deal) . This program helped refinance mortgages so people could stay in their homes. The SEC provided emergency relief to families to help support them when many Americans couldn't support themselves. The agricultural and industry prices where stabilized. The National Industrial Recovery Act (NRA) introduced codes for fair competition and guaranteed labor rights. On the other hand the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) provided funding to farmers to supplement their crop production.President Roosevelt's New Deal created new jobs through the â€Å"ground work† (Kelber) created by the American Federation of Lab or (AFL) . Through the instability of the economy â€Å"one out of four†(Living New Deal) Americans were unemployed and because â€Å"private industry was in a state of collapse†(Kelber) the government took charge fixing things with the â€Å"greatest and most successful job-creating effort in American history†(Kelber). Without work many went hungry and it affected their families as mothers and fathers watched their children starve.Agencies provided millions with jobs and saved families. They also recognized the right for workers to create ad have unions. The Public Works Administration (PWA) build thousand of highways, bridges, hospitals, schools, theaters, libraries, city halls,homes post, offices ,airports, and parks many are still in use; putting hundreds of thousands of people to work. The Works Progress Administration (WPA) gave millions of unskilled workers jobs building Gymnasiums, brailling books, or even stuffing rare birds. Many criticized these proje cts but they put in place necessary facilities.The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) every city across the country touching the lives of people and changed the public atmosphere. The men and women who worked in these corps believed they were setting the foundation for a greater society. They planted trees, built public parks, drained swamps to fight malaria, restocked rivers with fish, worked on flood control projects, and worked to conserve the environment. Their work â€Å"dramatically changed the future†(CCC Legacy). Roosevelt's reforms saved a nation and gave it a glimmer of hope that the future would be brighter when the present was bleak.Securities and Exchange Commission(SEC), Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation(FDIC), National Labor Relations Board(NLRB), and Social Security Administration are still in use today. Though their present feels like it has always been there it is hard to believe they are only eighty years old. Through their existence America was able to over come the great depression. It's hard to imagine what our country would be like with out them. Works Cited â€Å"Franklin D. Roosevelt – American Heritage Center, Inc. † Franklin D. Roosevelt – American Heritage Center, Inc. Franklin D. Roosevelt American Heritage Center, Inc. 2006. Web. 23 Feb. 2013. Kelber, Harry. â€Å"How the New Deal Created Millions of Jobs To Lift the American People from Depression. †Ã‚  How the New Deal Created Millions of Jobs To Lift the American People from Depression. N. p. , n. d. Web. 24 Feb. 2013. â€Å"Living New Deal. † Living New Deal. University of California, 2012. Web. 23 Feb. 2013. Nelson, Cary. â€Å"The Great Depression. † The Great Depression. N. p. , n. d. Web. 23 Feb. 2013. â€Å"Stock Market Crash of 1929. † History. com. A&E Television Networks, n. d. Web. 23 Feb. 2013. â€Å"Welcome to CCC Legacy. †Ã‚  Ccclegacy. Ralph and Mary Halbert, n. d. Web. 24 Feb. 2013.

Outsoucing in the United States Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Outsoucing in the United States - Research Paper Example In as far as recruitment is concerned, there are other independent companies which can offer advanced services on behalf of different organisations which entails that they can outsource the recruitment and staffing services to third parties. As such, this paper seeks to explain the meaning of outsourcing as well as outlining its pros and cons. The paper will also attempt to evaluate real life situations of outsourcing in different organisations. According to Heneman & Judge (633), outsourcing refers to contracting work to a vendor or third party administrator to perform the tasks that could be done by the organisation itself. This means that the functions of the whole human resources department in particular can be done by an outside company. There are many examples of outsourcing of specific staffing activities and some of them include the following: seeking temporary employees, executive search, skills testing, assessing employee backgrounds, job relocations, assessment centers as well as affirmative action planning (Kleynhans, 85). Basically, the organisation can outsource some of its functions such as recruitment to the third party whilst it concentrates on other core business of the organisation. ... This process is usually longer and many organisations usually spend a fortune in recruiting and selecting the right candidates for the organisation. Outsourcing the recruitment services to the third party is advantageous in that the organisation will only pay a fixed fee and these employment agencies have experience in attracting experienced and skilled workers in the industry. The organisations will not waste more money and resources while training new candidates since the recruitment agencies can head hunt for people with the required knowledge and skills. By outsourcing the recruitment services to the other parties, the HR department of the organisation concerned will be better positioned to focus on the other pertinent issues such as employee motivation as well as improving their performance for the benefit of the organisation as a whole. The other advantage of outsourcing is that the organisation is likely to witness improved services since the vendors have special expertise in selecting the right people for different clients. On the other hand, the recruitment agencies are flexible to meet the changing needs of the clients given that they constantly seek information about the needs of different organisations with regards to their staffing needs. Despite the driving factors forcing the organisations to consider outsourcing of HR activities to the other third parties, there are also some cons that are not always favourable to the company. One notable disadvantage is that there is likely to be some form of resistance within the organisation where some members will prefer the HRM to fulfil all its functions by considering internal promotion of

Purchasing and supply chain Management Issues and sulotions Essay

Purchasing and supply chain Management Issues and sulotions - Essay Example The managing of purchase and supply revolves around the materials; what is needed when? And who will supply how? Roles of manufacturers, suppliers, agents, transporters, and government agencies are discussed. FINDINGS I have identified seven themes in this section for effective management of purchase and supply chain: Managing Materials, Planning and Building Supply Resources, Ordering and Stock Maintaining, Monitoring Deliveries and Goods Receipts, Controlling and Servicing Consumptions, Stocking Finished Goods and Waste Materials, and Anticipating Risks and Expected Remedy. Managing Materials The first and foremost thing in purchase and supply chain is the identification and recognition of materials. Material is defined as â€Å"anything that serves as crude or raw matter to be used or developed: Wood pulp is from which paper is made.†(Material 2011) Materials used in industries are unique and different for each industry. Each and every industry should first identify and rec ognize the materials which they will need to produce a set of finished goods. Materials also include stores, spares, tools and consumables required for the operation and maintenance of plant and machinery. There are four broad categories of materials in a manufacturing unit and each material that is needed in the process of production will fall in any one of these categories. These broad categories are Raw Materials and Operational Materials which when processed by Plant and Machinery, produces Finished Goods and Waste Materials. A figure given below illustrates it It is also important to understand the properties of materials to make efficient decisions that optimize cost and performance. â€Å"Materials engineering involves understanding the correlation between a material's cost, performance, and basic properties. The knowledge gained in the materials engineering approach facilitates timely and well-informed materials decisions relating to new designs, cost reduction efforts, sup plier selection, and manufacturing yield improvements.†( Pfeifer 2005) The chief Raw Materials in a textile mill are â€Å"Cotton† and â€Å"Cones.† The â€Å"Cotton† is an agricultural product. It is a crop produced by farmers on the fields and sold to Ginners. Ginners clean and process it in the form of cotton lint and pack it in bales. â€Å"The quality of the fibres varies greatly according to the variety, the seasonal conditions during cultivation and the way the crop is handled after harvest. 100 kg seed cotton gives 35 to 42 kg of cotton lint. Cotton fibers are characterized by a longitudinal spiral twist (see picture magnified 630 times), which contributes to an elasticity of about 10%† (Chaudhry 2003) The lint cotton is purchased by the textile mills, processed to produce yarns and cloths. Textile Mills are one of the most important global industries today. Modern textile mills are far more advanced and automated today and therefore needs e ven more accurate and precise purchase and supply chain. The real world photographs (Loyal Chennai) below show how huge and automated textile mills are today. Spinning and Weaving Mills photograph of a real world Manufacturing of

Core Competencies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Core Competencies - Essay Example Besides the involvement of the health care professionals and the patient, the strategy may extend to the close family members to secure benefits to the ailing individuals. Several adjustments take place in the nursing profession to aid the success of the patient-centered care. Dissemination of information to the patients forms the primary strategy that aims to improve the patient-centered care. Educating the patient and the family members about a particular ailment is vital in improving care; an informed patient is in a position to make sound decisions about the treatment regimen they prefer (Constand, McDermind, Bello-Haas & Law, 2015). Availing information to the patient takes place through printed and electronic media and help in the participation of the patients in the management of their conditions. The current second trend that enhances the patient-centered care is participation and collaboration. The medical professionals accord the patients the opportunity to give their views on the preferred treatment regimen for a given conditions (Ronedo & Marston, 2015). The involvement of the patients gives the medical professionals the opportunity to have an understanding of the requirements for each patient. The patients have the chance to weigh in on their conditions and the treatment intervention they need. Mutual decision-making characteristic of patient-centered care is on the rise due to its confirmed benefits. It enhances the relationship between the nurses and the patient that translates to improved care. Another strategy tailored at improving patient-centered care is proper communication. Practicing nurses have the obligation of ensuring that the medium used for communication with the patients provide  affectivity and clarity (Constand et al., 2015). The type of communication addresses the needs and preferences of the patients. In some instances, where cases of language barriers exist, a translator may

Final Exam Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Final Exam - Coursework Example The fruits are the safest with reference to this outbreak to consume since its risk ratio is the lowest, that is, 0.8. Q15. Answer: The first correlation is very close to 0 and there is no causation at all and the coefficient of determination is 0.049, that is, only 0.5% can be predicted using the independent variable whereas the second correlation is -0.6 and the coefficient of determination is 0.36, that is, about 36% of the dependent variable is explained through the independent variable. Interpretation: From the above table it is observed that the number of respondents with depression status 0 is 434 (43.4%.) and the number of respondents with depression status 1 is 517 (51.7%). 49 respondents (4.9%) did not respond which clearly indicates that depression is prevalent in almost half of the population under study. From the above table it is found that the mean age is 36.64 with SD 6.2 and the coefficient of variation is 16.92% which is moderate. The minimum age is 19.38 and maximum is 49.43 which indicates almost all the age groups are having depression. The mean of the mental health status is 46.83 with SD 10.81 and the coefficient of mental health score is 23.08% which indicates that there is a wide range in the mental health score. (iii) there is a highly significant association between current employment (worknow) and depression status as the chi square value is 25.2 for 1 d.f with probability of significance being 0.000 (

Career Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Career Plan - Essay Example In this respect, graduates possessing degree in FCS are facilitated with the opportunity of building an effective career in different professional areas relating to dietetics, hospitality, education, communication and interior design among others. Additionally, individuals after the completion of their FCS course are recognized to have high career demand in the present job market. (Iowa State University, â€Å"Family and Consumer Sciences Education and Studies (FCEdS)†). In this context, I have planned to pursue course in FCS with the aim of possessing better career opportunities. Professionals with FCS graduates have developed their career path successfully with a better competitive position. The FCS professionals are also facilitated with the opportunity of having better career options in their career life owing to diversified specialization options. Presently, graduates on completion of FCS course are able to build successful career path with better job security as well as sustainability. I am an undergraduate student at present and I have planned to pursue graduate degree course in the field of FCS with the intention of having better career opportunities after completion of graduate degree. I have planned to develop a career in FCS, as the course program will aid me in developing skill sets in different areas that include communication, creativity, critical thinking and collaboration. Subsequently, the skill sets acquired from FCS course are mostly demanded in job market. The coursework and skill sets will also facilitate me in enhancing life quality of different individuals. Additionally, the course will also aid in building interrelationship amid people within communities in different economic, physical as well as social environment. The report published by the ‘U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics’ (BLS) signified that graduates in FCS pursuing profession as nutritionists as well as dietitians are

The Impact of E-Commerce on the US Labour Market Dissertation

The Impact of E-Commerce on the US Labour Market - Dissertation Example Moreover, the leading role of the US in E-Commerce might raise fears to otherin other countries for losing out their talent labours and their own competitiveness due to the global character of the revolution. Furthermore, the impact of E-Commerce on different industries or occupations is likely to be different; downward pressure in retail salespersons is perhaps more than offset by upward pressure in IT engineers, online customer service representatives and postal service carriers that E-Commerce generates. As wages, education and employment are highly correlated, E-Commerce does not only affect the labour market but also the national income level and qualifications that necessitate are needed to entering the industries. All of these factors indicate the high significance of E-Commerce to the economy and, therefore, , utilizing the full capacity of novelty could have overwhelming impacts to the aggregate economic performance; it is essential to perform a complete and precise analysis on this issue. This paper aims to look at the employment effect that E-Commerce has generated in the US, and particularly we will focus on analysing how the potential "'economy stream engine"' alters the employment structure in different industries. An industry-based approach is needed due to the fact that the diffusion of E-Commerce is of dissimilar magnitude in each industry; it is undoubtedly that the "Information" sector has been affected the most whilst the effect on "Construction" sector has been of "'second"' order. In the following section I shall summarize previous discussions and empirical literatures which are relevant to the theme. I shall then present the method that I employ in this research and refer to the pertinent economic theories... It's clear from the research that the current US administration under the President George W. Bush is no exception, and has: 1) signed the Internet Tax Moratorium and the Internet Non-Discrimination Act to make Internet access affordable for encouraging the evolution of E-Commerce; 2) kept the Internet a Duty-Free Zone to facilitate the growth of E-Commerce; 3) negotiated the â€Å"‘Cybercrime Convention†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ with another 28 countries to fight Internet criminals; 4) expanded and strengthened crucial E-Infrastructure Protection to protect E-businesses from cyber threats; 5) approved the New Federal Standard, now called the Advanced Encryption Standard. In conclusion, due to data and time limitations, this paper analyzed just only 3 industries and is subjected to errors. As the employment impacts of E-Commerce are very complex and contradictory interactions, further researches on this topic can be done by extending the industry-based approach to all 12 industries in the US. Combining results from 12 industries will give an overview of how E-Commerce alters the labor market as a whole. Moreover, developing another assessing method will also be useful to analyze the thesis from another point of views. Finally, as consumer behaviors and policies differ between countries, it would also be interesting to see the analysis being done in other big E-Economy, such as Australia and or the United Kingdom, or to conjoin 2 or more countries in one analysis for measuring the international labor flows and migrations begotten by E-Commerce.

Setting up a new refinery in Panama Research Paper

Setting up a new refinery in Panama - Research Paper Example A production plant processes the feedstock of a refinery. A depot, tank farm, is usually located near or at a petroleum refinery and it stores bulk of liquid products. A refinery is considered as a vital part of the downstream end of the petroleum industry. There are very important and major roles played by refineries in development of countries, regions and the world as a whole. Professionals in this field are cognizant of the reality that natural resources are scarce, the importance and desire for practices that are sustainable. They also reckon the need for social fairness in the use of these limited resources. They are therefore tasked with the leading role in designing, planning, building and securing a sustainable future. Refineries act as link between natural resources and the consumer. In their capacity, oil planners must continuously take part in multidisciplinary teams often with other professionals, such as economists, sociologists, and ecologists to address the issues and challenges of sustainable natural resource development. They should therefore advocate economic principles that recognize our environment and natural resources as capital assets. The largest chunk of Panama’s trade transactions take place in the Colon Free Trade zone, the biggest free trade zoned in the world. From the estimates of the Colon Zone Management, this trade region has accounted for 92% of Panama’s exports and 64% imports in during 2007. In 1982, Panama entered into a Bilateral Investment Treaty with the United States. This agreement has been put in place to protect the United States private investment in Panama and also help it in developing its economy. In addition, Panama and the US signed an FTA agreement in 2007 and are under implementation. The United States is by far the principal trade partner of Panama. It accounts for about a third of Panama’s imports and exports. Panama’s major trade partners according to CIA reports for 2009 are as follows: Exports Imports United States 39.2% United States 29.6% Netherlands 10.7% Costa Rica 5% Costa Rica 5.8% China 5% Sweden 5.4% Japan 4.2% The main exports from Panama are; B ananas, Coffee, Shrimp, Sugar and Clothing. The nation is highly dependent of consumer and capital goods. The trade situation has improved significantly owing to the endeavor to expand the Panama Canal that has been under construction since 2007. The project is estimated to be $5.3 billion and is expected to continue the revamping on the trade sector. The number one agricultural export- predominantly controlled by foreigners is bananas. It is followed by shrimp. Panama experienced a decline in exports of about 11% from 1997 to 1998. This was caused by quotas imposed by the EU on banana exports and that banana exports contribute a fifth of all exports. The Free Trade Zone has increased the light industry exports, manufacturing and clothing textiles. On the other hand, Panama has experienced competition from Mexico starting 1996 and has experienced stunted growth since 1998 due to protective tariffs imposed on the country. COUNTRY EXPORTS IMPORTS BALANCE United States 354 1,117 -763 S weden 62 25 37 Costa Rica 41 119 -78 Mexico 24 133 -109 Guatemala 21 62 -41 Spain 13 61 -48 Japan 12 186 -174 Colombia 9 116 -107 Ecuador 4 243 -239 Venezuela 4 222 -218 Foreign firm investment in Panama A foreign firm seeking investment in a large firm would be at an advantage

History of Measurment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History of Measurment - Essay Example The Egyptians were not able to monopolize the measuring system. The Babylonians also devised measures stemming from a cubit, though 6 mm longer than that of the Egyptians. This cubit was then divided into 30 kus, roughly equal to a digit. The earliest known decimal system is the Harappan system; from 2500 B.C. to 1700 B.C. Evidence suggests that they had two different series of weights. One system was based on a measurement of the Indus inch (1.32 modern inches). Since their system was based on base-10, ten Indus inches equaled 13.2 inches, the measure of a foot. The other scale was discovered in the form of a bronze rod with markings of 0.367 in. 100 units of that would be 36.7 inches, approximately the length of a stride. Measurements of the Harappan ruins show that they used these measurements extremely accurately. European systems of measurement were based on the Roman system. The Romans, in turn, borrowed their measurements from the Greeks, who had based it on the Babylonians and the Egyptians. Their base unit was the breadth of a finger. Unlike the other cultures, they only had three widely used units of measurement: the finger, the foot and the Greek cubit. The Greeks also standardized weight by stabilizing the size of containers to weigh goods and by creating a standard set of measures. The Romans changed the Greek system slightly, by creating the pace, equal to five feet. Thousand paces was a Roman mile, extraordinarily close to the modern British mile. It was in 1672, that Sir Isaac Newton actually made a vital discovery about the "Newton Rings" which actually used light to measure distances. Neither he nor the world at large understood the great implications of it, and today "interferometry" as it is called helps measure precise distances to within millionths of an inch or a millimeter. The French, on the other hand, used a bewildering array of measures. Standardization was a big problem since no one could come to an agreement. As late as 1788 Arthur Young wrote in "Travels during the years 1787, 1788, 1789" published in 1793, "In France the infinite perplexity of the measures exceeds all comprehension. They differ not only in every province, but also in every district and almost every town". The English though tried to standardize as early as in the 13th century, by England issuing a royal ordinance "Assize of Weights and Measures" to bring some unity. Wren had proposed a new system based on the yard defined as the length of a pendulum beating at the rate of one second in the Tower of London. Britain and Scotland uniting ensured a better prevalence for the system but it was hard when each province wanted its own system followed. In 1824, the English Parliament legalized the yard that was first proposed in 1760. In 1870 the French in Paris convened an International Conference with the aim of improving international scientific cooperation by having the metric system as the worldwide standard. This resulted in seventeen nations signing up and later a few more nations joining in and kind of standardized the metric system. US though were influenced by the colonists who brought with various measurements from their places of origin and for a long time it was an array of measurements. In 1821 John Quincy Adam for the first person to propose to the

Crystal Edge Restaurant Essay Example for Free

Crystal Edge Restaurant Essay Type of Business Crystal Edge Restaurant is a sole trader venture that is owned and operated by Miss Jheneal Hall. She is responsible for the daily running of this restaurant, any profits or losses or any problems that the business encounters she is held accountable. Crystal Edge Restaurant will provide exquisite fine dining services to both local residents and tourists who visit the busy area of New Kingston. Other individuals from other areas are also welcomed to dine over high quality meals. The main objective here at Crystal Edge is to ensure that persons dine over healthy foods, in a nice clean friendly environment with an essence to feel home away from home. Our mission statement is To ensure that each guest receives prompt, professional, friendly and courteous service. To maintain a clean, comfortable and well maintained premises for our guests and staff. To provide at a fair price nutritional, well-prepared meals using only quality ingredients. To ensure that all guests and staff are treated with the respect and dignity they deserve. To thank each guest for the opportunity to serve them. By maintaining these objectives we shall be assured of a fair profit that will allow us to contribute to the community we serve. Justification of Loctaion Crystal Edge Restaurant is located in the commercial area of New Kingston at 4-6 New Kingston Shopping Centre. The restaurant is located here for several reasons: * Because of the large number of individuals that come here to shop and work, so therefore it is worth starting up a business in this vicinity because we see where profits can be maximized. * Another reason for the selection of this location is that it is accessible and safe for customers. * The government provides tax relief for restaurants operating in this area Selection of Appropriate Labour The type of labour necessary at Crystal Edge Restaurant is unskilled labour. The restaurant will need a total of nine (9) employees. The employment process will be done with aid of applications forms and resumes and the nine employees that will be selected will have different roles to play to make Crystal Edge Restaurant a success. The restaurant will need a head chef, an assistant chef, three waitresses, two janitors and two cashiers. The head chef which is also the owner plans and prepares the meals with the assistant chef to help in the preparation of meals also. The three waitresses will work extremely hard on a daily basis to ensure that the customers’ orders are taken and the food is delivered to them and also cleans the tables after other customers have finished dining. The janitors are responsible for cleaning and sanitizing the kitchen and dining area to ensure a clean and healthy environment and lastly two cashiers that cash the orders taken and give a printed receipt. This type of labour is necessary because it is an inexpensive way of accomplishing production and service goals without raising consumer costs. Sources of Fixed and Working Capital My sources of fixed and working capital are funding all my savings and a loan from the commercial bank. Some examples of fixed assets that will be bought are equipment, furniture’s, dishes, glassware, silverware and cookware’. working capital is defined as raw material, money and other items that are used up in the day to day running of the business or the goods that are constantly being used up in the business in it daily operation . Some examples of working capitals are the food inventory, supplies, and worker’s wages and salaries. Role of the Entrepreneur The entrepreneur is optimistic and future oriented; I believe that success is possible and I’m willing to risk my resources in the pursuit of profit. I’m fast moving, willing to try many different strategies to achieve my goals of profits. And I’m flexible, willing to change quickly when I get new information. The entrepreneur is also needed to invest skills and management abilities to promote production. Three functions of the entrepreneur are: * Entrepreneur initiates the business activity Meaning the entrepreneur has to start the business activity by preparing a proper plan. The plan should deal with the type of goods and services to be produced, sources of raw material and credit, type of technology to be used, the markets where the products can be sold, etc. The plan should be detailed one covering all the aspects of the business * Entrepreneur is the decision maker The most vital function an entrepreneur discharges refers to decision making in various fields of the business enterprise. He is the decision maker of all activities of the enterprise. * Managerial Function: Entrepreneur performs a variety of managerial function like determination of business objectives, formulation of production plans, product analysis and market research, organisation of sales procuring machine and material, recruitment of men and undertaking, of business operations. The entrepreneur also undertakes the basic managerial functions of planning, organising, co-ordinating, staffing, directing, motivating and controlling in the enterprise. Type of Production Crystal Edge is involved in primary production. Primary production can be described as extracting raw materials from the earth. We are involved in this type of production because we produce breakfast, lunch and dinner on a daily basis, so it is inour best interest to grow our natural foods such fruits, vegetables and some spices to also reduce expenditures on imports on help to stop global warming. Levels of Production Crystal Edge production will be for the domestic market. Meal will be prepared and served to local residents as well as tourist who visit the New Kingston area at reasonable and affordable prices.

The Analysis Of The Crimson Shadow

The Analysis Of The Crimson Shadow The Crimson Shadow, by Walter Mosley, is a short story that depicts a lengthy morning encounter between two disparate, yet similar souls. It is a twining of events that connect and capture, evade, and then reunite under the bonds of commonality. The protagonist, an aging ex-convict who goes by the name Socrates, finds that a young man, a boy, really, has killed a rooster that resides across the alley, and someone he had considered his friend. Darryl, the boy who has committed the misdeed is an obvious product of his environment, struggling to survive the mean streets of Los Angeles, and who, at a very tender age, has also become its victim. The elements which make up this story are striking, and develop rapidly into a tightly woven interlude which allows the analysis of New Criticism to be utilized well, enabling an investigation which clarifies the components that help to create this piece. Both characters depict a sense of loss and tragedy, but also possess a keen intellect which helps them to overcome the depravity of their surroundings. When Socrates first realizes that Billy, the rooster to whom he had become attached-his crowing that had awakened him each morning for the past eight years has not been heard-he investigates by going out to where the bird lives, only to find that his head has been badly mangled by the serrated blade of a steak knife. When he sees Darryl move out of the shadows of the morning, he understands immediately that some wrong has been committed. The old man is, at first, justifiably angry at the fact that a senseless act of violence has been done, a crime committed by a troublemaking kid out to cash in on someone elses misfortune the boy has created; but the two have a shared past that connects them in more ways than either can initially appreciate. As the morning wears on, and Socrates gets to know the boy and his situation a bit better, the ex-con sees that the youngster and he have more in common than he would, possibly, like to admit. When Socrates gets the boy into his kitchen, and the two begin to talk, the elder sees how similar their situations are. Both have committed heinous crimes, that of murder, and he uses the time to try and reason with the boy as to the path hes headed toward, first, enticing him to open up when the man realizes his accusations of having killed his friend have the boy visibly nervous, and then understanding that its not only the rooster he has killed, but also another mentally challenged young man who wouldnt leave him and his friends alone. Although it was an accident, and Socrates tells him so, the older man sympathizes with Darryl, telling him that he is welcome in his home whenever he likes, this, an indication of his compassion, and perhaps of his empathy, with the boy. The setting of Crimson Shadow is marked by crushing poverty, the description of what is Socrates home scarred by time and neglect. Its depiction and its imagery are stark, as witnessed by the cabinets that are now simply shelves, the doors having been torn off, and the magenta tiles that have faded to grey. A red spider spins her web above a naked bulb that shines above a photo of a woman Socrates once knew. The use of sharp and focused vocabulary that prime colors and distinctive smells evoke is also prevalent and speaks of a harsh reality. When the boy enters the two room shack, he looks at the red spider, and the women in the picture who also wears a red hat and a red dress, which, as the sun shines down upon her, throws a similarly red, or crimson, shadow across her face, indicating heat, or maybe wrath at the wrong committed by Socrates. The picture also contains the primary colors of yellow and blue, as well, those of the sun and the sky, which can similarly indicate the simpli city of how these two must survive: only with the mixing of other elements can the blending and shading of emancipation occur. When the old man begins cooking the equally-aged rooster, the well-defined description of the ingredients used, tomatoes, basil, and garlic, each possess their own and equally pronounced hue and aroma, a luxury that both men revel in and that can help to begin to express a possible solution to their bleak existence. The tension is tightly woven into the Crimson Shadow, especially in the beginning, when Socrates confronts his much younger and much weaker opponent in the alley. His big hands, known as rock breakers, are seen as weapons, able to crush the young boy with a single blow, and his apparent time spent in prison is evidence enough that he is a disreputable man capable of both creating and enduring great harm. The story is immediately suspenseful when he realizes his friend, Billy the rooster, has been killed, but because he is an ex-convict who quickly acquires the position of a moral and upstanding citizen, a man who is eventually looked upon, ironically, as a role model, he is the protagonist, and as such, can be considered an anti-hero. This irony and its resulting paradox are, however, resolved in the end, when both boy and man agree, silently, to become friends in this hostile world they must both inhabit. The killing of the innocent rooster, as well as of the innocent young boy who would not leave Darryl and his friend alone, are both necessary catalysts for both Socrates and Darryl, for if the two are to survive at all, they need each other in an essential, yet obscure manner, a mirror in which Darryl is able to see himself, yet set himself apart from the man that Socrates has become. The name, too, that Socrates owns, is but a taunting mockery that he must live with, ever knowing, but forever damned. It is also essential for one to observe the discussion Socrates initiates when speaking to the young man, for this is indicative of a common theme seen throughout literature; that of the wizened elder, competent and worldly, offering advice to the younger, less experienced, and woeful Darryl. His advice, although unwanted and disregarded at first, is deemed highly authoritative and even indispensable later, when Darryl finds himself floundering at the mercy of his actions, a child in the hands of fate, ignorant and vulnerable. He decides that since Socrates might just well have power over his destiny, he might have power over his own. In the end, the utilization of the New Criticism theory in the analysis of the Crimson Shadow, by Walter Mosley, is quite effective in understanding the elements used in the creation of this work. Characterization, setting, imagery, theme, and dialog, all come together in unison to produce an effective tool in the dissection and ultimate recovery of this short story, especially taken individually, which allows the reader to view through a lucid and comprehensible lens, a work of innate truth and redemption.

Stress, Anxiety and Depression among College Students

Stress, Anxiety and Depression among College Students Stress, Anxiety and Depression among College Students Abstract Stress, depression and anxiety are major and commonly reported issue among the college students. Mostly stress and depression among college youths are cause of their educational and academics performance. Usually stress, depression and anxiety are associated with decrease in grades which effects one way or another to student’s skills and ability to perform. Most common reasons for stress, depressions and other psychological problems are time stress, failure, tough competition, academic pressure, some other problems include emotional breakdowns due to inferior feeling for other for some life is not worthy. Many students face psychological problems in a college they must be guided and counselled properly to cope up with their emotional problems and some measures must be taken like forming student counselling centres or mentors and mentee programme must be made compulsory on all colleges. Also a health committee should be formed and professionals must be hired and college must co nduct activities for student and teachers too for their psychological conditions. 1. Introduction Today, I will talk about the stress, depression, anxiety and other psychological problems among the college students all around the world. I will discuss about the problems, its symptoms, and finally the methods to prevent these psychological problems from happening. The college students are the future of our society, they represents the society investment for future thus their mental health is an important factor not only for them their own right but also for society as they are the one who are contributing for larger part of society. The psychological problems like stress, depression and anxiety among college students are increasing every year. There are many reasons for such psychological problem most common problems for these kinds of emotional disorders are greater academic demands, changes in social and family life, new and different environment. Other problems for depression and stress are time pressure, tough competitions, and pressure of academics and fear of failure. 1.1 Background: What are psychological problems? According to health websites and health professional psychological problems like stress, depression and anxiety are disorder in mood that makes us sad and hopeless for periods of time. These kind of psychological problems have significant effect on once life, work, health, his/her enjoyment and people he care about. These kind of physiological problems have impact for short time and long time, for short time psychological problems like stress and depression people feel low for some time but he is able to work and take care of daily activities. But risks are associated with long time psychological problems which sometimes turn into physical illness. There are survey which says millions of people are affected by depression, stress and anxiety every year. The main cause of these psychological problems among college students are stressful life, drugs or illness, family crisis, financial problems, for some it is due to change from their high school life, for others it may be separation from family and academic failure is also one of major cause of stress, depression and other anxiety problems. 2. Why So Stress? â€Å"Our anxiety does not empty tomorrow of its sorrows, but only empties today of its strengths† à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Charles H. Spurgeon Student forms the base of any society’s future, their wellbeing is quite crucial not only to themselves, but also to the society. Psychological problems in the college students are becoming quite big and needs to be taken care off. These problems varies between 2% to 5% of total student’s populace. (Young, 1978) There are various reason why stress occurs among the students. First and foremost is the fear of academic excellence, often student fear of getting lower marks than expected. This is quite widespread, as practically marks will always be lower than what is expected. Other stresses might be due to changing environment from high school to college, being away from home. It has been observed that the stress, anxiety and depression among the students in second year is way more than that was in the first year, this is primarily due to the increase in the load and complexities of the subjects to be learned. (Eisenberg D, 2007) This further gives an implication that proceeding to the further years will exert more pressure on the student and so the stress will be more. 2.1 Causes of Stress, Anxiety and Depression in Students: Fear of academic excellence. Living away from the family. Feeling of isolation and loneliness. Conflicting Relationship. Increasing complexities in the academics. Financial condition. 2.2 Symptoms of Stress, Anxiety and Depression: Stress and anxiety often leads to depression, it is important to identify whether a student is having depression or not. It is recommended to consult a doctor. Doctor will ask following question to determine whether you are stressing over something. (Farnsworth, 1970) Any history of depression cases. Depression cases in family Medication history. Whether using drugs or alcohol. Negative thoughts of suicide and death. 2.3 Treating Stress, Anxiety and Depression: Often institutions provide medication to the students to overcome depression. The mediation for such stress and depression includes only two effective treatments, antidepressants and psychotherapy. However there might also be the case where a combination of both the two treatment methods can be found. (McArthur, 1961) 2.3.1 Antidepressants: Antidepressants in medical terms works on neurotransmitters. They are some specific compounds alter the way brain works and regulate mood. However it must be used with caution, as exact ways are quite uncertain, how it would work. 2.3.2 Psychotherapy: Psychotherapy is the most recommended way of treating stress and depression. It involves changing the psychology or the thought process of the individual to permanently remove the negative thoughts. There are two ways by which this can be done, which are cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT). CBT helps an individual to change the thought process. It includes several sessions to change the way the individual thinks, which consequently moves him out of the depression. While, IPT is used for more serious cases, includes conflicting relationships and other serious personal problems. 2.4 Preventive Measures to be taken by Educational Institutions: Workshops and seminars should be conducted, to identify the students having psychological problems of stress and depression. Institutions should mandatorily have counselling centres to keep a track of thought process of the students. A survey or poll to be conducted to get a scalable insight of the psychological problems among the students. Once the students with such psychological problems are found, respective ways of psychotherapy should be implemented on them. (Mowbray CT, 2006) 2.5 Summary: Stress, anxiety and depression is quite widespread in the student’s community. This is due to various facts such as academic pressure, personal relationships, environmental changes etc. It was found that the quantity of students suffering from the psychological disorders was varying between 2% to 50%. There are some measure that can be taken by the institutional organisation, as discussed in the section 2.4. The most recommended way to treatment of psychological disorders such as stress, anxiety and depression is Psychotherapy. However in more serious cases there could be a combination of psychotherapy and antidepressants. Conclusion Problems like stress, depression and anxiety are serious issue not only for college students but also for us and we should always protect ourselves from getting such a serious and stressful disease. One must be ready to ask for support of his/her family or friends for help. These are dangerous disease thus one must be ready to take support and mentoring as early and appropriately. College must create more affective and war environment for its student to better cope up with the system and adapt it rather than getting depressed and emotionally breaking and getting psychological problems. For psychological well-being of college students health education programs and mentoring should be added to its curriculum and closer attention should also be paid on the teaching methods of institution, teachers and their teaching process. References Eisenberg D, G. S. (2007). Prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and suicidality among university students. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 534-542.Studied to know the fact and figures of anxiety, strees and depression in students Farnsworth, D. (1970). Mental health and social change. Ann. Int. Med., 467-472.Studied to analyse effect of social environment change on student McArthur, G. B. (1961). Problems Connected with Studying Cf: Emotional. Appleton-Century Crafts.Studied to analyse students thought process Mowbray CT, M. D. (2006). Campus mental health services: recommendations for change. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 226-237.Studied to analyse what institutions can do Young, A. B. (1978). College blues. Psychology Today, 80-82.Studied to analyse college environement in various years

The Characters of Chandlers The Big Sleep :: sleep

The Characters of Chandler's The Big Sleep    The differences between the characters in Hawks' adaptation of Chandler's The Big Sleep and the novel are obvious to someone who has noticed the details on both. Of course there are positive and negative aspects to such choices which Hawks makes in his film and those decisions which Hawks made from novel to movie should be examined and questioned whether they helped or hindered the production of The Big Sleep. One of the major differences, and I would argue a drawback, in the film version is the representation of the characters and the predictable ending. Looking specifically at Marlowe and Mrs. Regan, it is easy to see that Hawks changed some things about their characters simply because of the high profile actors: Bogart and Bacall. Such a change in the characters was most likely a decision made by Hawks in order to make the novel more believable or exciting to the audience, perhaps assuming the majority of the viewers may not have read the novel. The end of the movie w as completely predictable and I think Hawks took the easy way out when making his decision to end with Marlowe and Regan ending up in love. The changes Hawks made in the characters as well as the end are ones that I assume Hawks made on the basis of what he thought would produce the best film. I can respect Hawks' goal, but I think anyone who has read the novel would agree that the novel is the better version between the two.    Starting with the character of Marlowe, the differences in his character are major ones. In the novel Marlowe is somewhat of a loner- a characteristic that I found intriguing. It is made clear that Marlowe knows this about himself and even revels in this aspect of his personality. He likes to ponder things alone and does not even long for company. Throughout the novel, there are several instances where Marlowe is put in social situations and is always strictly business. Marlowe has drinks with Mr. Geiger while doing business, but does not elaborate on conversation with him. Marlowe is very subdued and laid back in his manner; when he is done talking business with Mr.

Impact of Technology on Society Essay -- american society, technologica

Technology is continuously developing and has begun creating shortcuts for the American society. As a society we need to find a balance between our technological use and our everyday life. In my opinion, society has become too dependent on technology. The more advanced technology becomes, the more it seems to be gaining control over our lives. Even though technology is offering society many beneficial qualities; it also is causing many negative effects to occur. Technology is affecting society socially, mentally, and physically. One point addressed throughout each article was how technology has affected society socially. Technology has contributed to society’s lack of social skills, social interaction, and has allowed many of us to become antisocial individuals. According to Sherry Turkle, psychologist and director of the MIT Initiative on Technology, the lack of these social abilities has contributed to the absence of emotional maturation in individuals of today’s society. Turkle stated, â€Å"Very quickly for teenagers [it became] [that] they prefer to text than talk because talking for them involves too much information, too much tension, too much awkwardness. They like the idea of a communication medium in which there does not need to be awkwardness.† (Turkle). I know this is true among teenagers in our society. I, like many of my other peers would prefer to send a text message before calling someone any day. I believe this is because we have become so reliant on text messaging that we no longer know how to have a decent intellectual conversation. Turkle says this occurs because â€Å"talking involves too much information, texting is a lot quicker, and it is very easy to stop before you are rejected.† In addition to affecting society... ...e physically active. As technology continues to advance it seems society's aptitudes have begun to decline socially, mentally, and physically. According to Butte, famous theoretical physicist Albert Einstein once stated, â€Å"It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity† (Butte). I believe this quote truly summarizes how technology has affected our society. Works Cited Butte Patil, Pratik R. Technological Advancements and Its Impact on Humanity. Academia.edu. Academia.edu, 2013. Web. 15 Nov. 2013. Crowther, Hal. "One Hundred Fears of Solitude. â€Å"The Telegraph." Telegraph, 13 Aug. 2013. Web. 26 October 2013. Sterling, Bruce. â€Å"Self-Reliance 2008.† The Atlantic. The Atlantic Monthly Group, 1 November 2008. Web. 16 October 2013. Turkle, Sherry. Interview: Digital Nation. Frontline. PBS. WGBH, Boston, 2 Feb. 2010. Web. 16 Oct. 2013.

Profile of Adolf Hitler (1889 -1945) Essay -- Papers

Profile of Adolf Hitler (1889 -1945) Family Background Adolf Hitler was born on April 20th 1889 in Braunau-am-Inn, Austria. The town is near to the Austro-German border, and his father, Alois, worked as a customs officer on the border crossing. His mother, Klara, had previously given birth to two other children by Alois, (Gustav and Ida) but they both died in their infancy. Adolf attended school from the age of six and the family lived in various villages around the town of Linz, east of Braunau. By this time Adolf had a younger brother, Edmund, but he only lived until the age of six. In 1896, Klara gave birth to Adolf 's sister, Paula, who survived to outlive him. When his father died in 1903, Hitler saw this as a relief to him. However when his mother Klara died of cancer in 1907, Hitler was devastated, as she was loving and caring of him and his siblings, unlike his father, who was a strict disciplinarian. Childhood/Youth =============== Hitler grew up with a poor record at school and left before completing his education, with an ambition to become an artist. During his school years Hitler only showed and interest in two of his subjects which were Gymnastics and Art. After his father's death in 1903, Klara Hitler brought up the thirteen year old Adolf and Paula on her own. Between the ages of sixteen and nineteen, Hitler neither worked to earn his keep, nor properly studied, but had gained an interest in politics and history. During this time he unsuccessfully applied for admission to the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts. When his mother died, 19 year old Hitler had no relatives to support him any more. So in ... ...920 Hitler chose the swastika as the Nazi party emblem. By 1921 Hitler had virtually secured total control of the Nazi party, however this was not to the liking of all Nazis. In July of that year, whilst Hitler was away in Berlin, the angry members of the party proposed a merger with a like-minded political party in Nuremberg in the hope that this would stop Hitler's influence. On hearing the news, Hitler rushed back to Munich to confront the party and threatened to resign. The other members were aware that Hitler was bringing funds into the organization, from the collections following his speeches at meetings and from other sources. Thus they knew they couldn't afford his resignation. Hitler then turned tables on the committee members and forced them to accept him as formal leader of the party with dictatorial powers.

Personal Model of Helping

I take pride in everything that I do and strive to give my all to the people who need my help, and this is the basis of my personal model of helping. I cannot give someone only part of my effort because the individual may not take me serious and not be able to use the help that I am offering. My goal in offering this help is to assist them in overcoming any negative situation they are trying to get out of. People reach out for help and when they do so they want the best help that they can find because they can seek a positive resolution. I know that circumstances in life can take a toll on a person, and these circumstances cause them to be in the situation that they are seeking help for but to change their behavior and improve themselves they need to give 100% as well as the people who are offering help to them. How and why and you formed this viewpoint This viewpoint was formed because there are individuals who seek help from professional counselors every day because they believe that these professionals can get them back of track with their lifestyle and overcome the struggles of hardship they have been facing. If this individual does not believe that the help they are getting from the professional is successful than it would seem that either the professional or the individual seeking help is not giving 100% effort on their part in order to get positive results. There are many different reasons an individual seeks therapy; it can be gambling problems, drug or alcohol addiction, abuse, health issues, family issues, or even death of a family member. A professional counselor needs to be prepared for any reason that a client may seek help from them and be ready and willing to offer them appropriate help of treatment. View of helping My view of helping is a result of a person taking pride in their profession of helping others and them going the extra mile and giving the effort necessary to make sure the client is on the right path for a positive resolution. People do not appreciate being judged by others and believe that many cannot relate to their situation because they do not understand the lifestyle and hare life they have experiences to this point. It is difficult for these individuals to admit they need professional help, and then to seek that help from a stranger who may judge them or the situation that he or she is in. The relationship between the clinician and the participant The relationship between the clinician and the participant should be welcoming and inviting to prepare for the session and to open lines of communication. When individuals talk to others that they do not know personally they have to gain a level of comfort so that they can open up and discuss personal matters that are causing their issues. I can relate to a client’s story by listening to them on a personal level and then sharing my experiences once they have built a rapport with me and show interest in my knowledge. Many views that individuals have of counselors or therapists is that they live a happy and worry free lifestyle and that he or she may/does not have a personal issues they are struggling with because of their profession; however this is not usually the case and many counselors seek therapy as well. Many professionals have issues and skeletons in their closet that they do not want anyone else to know about, and every person has a story to tell of their experiences in life and it is not fair for the counselor or others to be judged based solely of these experiences or for them seeking help to overcome personal struggles. Technique or approached to change There are many approaches that a counselor can take to change the perceptions a client may have about their lives, and show them another way to view their situation. When clinicians address behavioral issues with their client the techniques come from modeling. An example would be a client who struggles with expressing themselves may benefit from seeing the counselor use beneficial skills they need to acquire by demonstrating them in a role play scenario. It can be beneficial to select a model to assist in any role play scenarios who is similar to the client the counselor is trying to help. Age, gender, ethnicity, and social status should all be taken into consideration (Parrott, 2003). Positive reinforcement is another technique in therapy that is successful because it provides positive rewards or recognition for success or positive actions and behaviors. Relaxation training is another method of therapy that can be successful in treating a variety of disorders when other techniques are proven unsuccessful. Some disorders that can be treated successfully with relaxation therapy are headaches, pain, anxiety, hypertension, and PTSD. The basic idea of relaxation training and therapy is that the tension of muscles exacerbates anxiety and results in the individual feeling less anxious by them learning the knowledge to understand the difference between tense and relaxed muscle groups and the appropriate methods to treatment training (Parrott, 2003). A coherent model that is consistent, shows adequate understanding of the material presented, and reflects the ability to integrate and synthesize the course material Behavioral therapy shows successful results because it uses approaches that focus on certain characteristics of the individual in an attempt to successfully identify the appropriate therapy approach to helping the understand their behaviors and to gain self-control. â€Å"In addition to the rise of behaviorism, experimental research on the psychology of learning also contributed to the development of behavior therapy. This is an approach based on a view known as logical positivism, under which everything that exists is empirically verifiable. From this perspective, if the material universe, understandable only as matter and energy operating according to universal laws, is all that is, then human beings are material beings only and hence explainable by natural laws; In a sense, the experimental method was putting behaviorism’s philosophy into practice† (Parrott p. 271). The kinds of problems that can be addressed with your model The model learning theory can be used to address behavioral therapy approaches and techniques. Counselors are able to use this to observe their clients actions and behaviors to see if these approaches and techniques are successful for certain clients or all clients they are counseling. Cognitive –Emotive Dissonance; This is the most important stage in new learning and is characterized by two important features. : (1) the occurrence when people begin to act and think differently by understanding their new approach and control to their behavioral goals (2) the individual has emotional feelings that are uncomfortable when they start to believe that their actions are incorrect and they are not behaving appropriately. People using describe these feelings that they experience as â€Å"feeling wrong† or â€Å"not feeling right to me. † An example of this that occurs commonly would be while driving in a place you are unfamiliar with, such as an American questioning themselves for driving on the wrong side of the road in Europe. These types of emotions and feelings are unavoidable in experiences associated with psychotherapeutic therapy or any changes made to a person’s habits or accustomed behaviors. This is the stage of maximal therapeutic resistance in psychotherapy. If this approach is poorly handled and not addressed appropriately by the counselor then clients usually become noncompliant and stop attending therapy. Conditioning; this is the process of learning behaviors and the reaction or response to learned actions or familiar stimulus and how this changes and becomes a new behavioral response. There are two types of conditioning: (1) Classical conditioning where the response to certain stimulus is a learned behavior or innate response to a neutral stimulus, such as salivating to smell of something specific. 2) Operant conditioning where the behaviors they are learning are new, and they develop what their responses and reactions will be. Discrimination; The process in which a subject’s reaction are only appropriate to one similar or two different stimuli. Drive; A force that impels and motivates individual or animals to make a certain behavioral response based on the actions that have occurred. In behavioristic terms, drive is often dr iven by physiologic deprivations such a shelter, food, water, or necessities to survive. It also can be a reaction or response as a result of pain or unbearable or unpleasant stimulus (Maultsby & Wirga, 1998). Multicultural Issues Multicultural issues come from the diversity of others seeking help. There are many different reasons in which individuals seek counseling, so with this being said the counselor should be prepared on how to approach any situation they are confronted with by their clients. They need to be well versed in multicultural issues that can influence the approach to therapy uch as cross-cultural counseling where the client and the therapist do not share the same background, values, or lifestyle and these can be obstacles to overcome for any professional. People of cross-cultural differences find it difficult to settle of agreements with certain techniques or approaches to therapy that would be the most successful for the client. Gender issues are something to consider, where a male therapist may not be well versed or experienced in matters of women issu es and it can seem that they are not taking the clients matter serious where a female therapist may be able to relate to what the client is experiencing. Individuals who are disabled may feel singled out by others and isolated from the general population so the therapist needs to research and understand how to appropriately approach a client with this issue. Clients who are religious may not view therapy as a successful tool because of their beliefs. Certain professionals have techniques or therapeutic methods that are successful for many of their clients. The challenge they face is how to handle issues that are spiritual or religious in any way, ensure ethical integrity with the client while still being able to offer a method of treatment that they believe will be successful (Parrott, 2003). Limitations and strengths of the model The limitations of therapy or strengths of the treatment or model of therapy can depend on the clients learning abilities or disabilities, health issues, or cognitive challenges from clients who suffer from mental disorders, PTSD, or anxiety. The population this model can help The behavioral model can help many individuals within the population, and in order for this model to be successful people have to be open to receiving help even if it means putting them in situations that can bring them back to negative situations that are the roots of the individuals issues. The population that is seeking the help could be individuals addicted to drugs who want to get help to overcome and fight their addiction but do not understand the proper approach to overcoming these issues. Prostitutes who want to stop the emotional and physical abuse they are causing to themselves by selling their body for money. Even married couples who are at the end of their relationship but want to try to save what they once had in order to avoid divorce. Other clients who can benefit from this model of therapy ould be clients who suffer from health issues and are trying to understand how to cope with it, parents who are trying to gain control over a rebellious child, or even individuals who suffer from phobias that are interfering with them living a successful life. Original Thinking Individuals have to be open and accepting of therapy for it to be successful, when an individual is open to receiving help and seek a positive resolution to their issues then the counselor can par ticipate in the client’s therapy and give them the necessary steps to take for a successful change. Being an effective counselor means being open to new techniques, ideas, and approached to therapy that could be successful for the client. Each client and every case is different so there are different approaches to take in handling the situation in a professional manner. Conclusion There are many needs for therapy that need a successful approach, and a therapist willing to adapt to the needs of the patient. Utilizing all theories, methods, and techniques available to the therapist will help them have the tools necessary to offer treatment for any issue that their client presents them with. When a therapist is confident in their abilities and can relate to the issues faced by their client then they will have the inside needed to develop a successful approach to treatment and to present their client with a plan that explains their model of helping so that the client can be actively involved in the success of their treatment.ReferencesIndividual Counseling, Life Skills–Behavioral Therapy, and Group Experiences www.lifelongaes.com/services%20and%20fees/counseling.html. Kondrat, A. (2009). Behavioral and Cognitive Approach in Psychology. Retrieved from http://suite101.com/article/behavioral-and-cognitive-approach-in-psychology-a98399 Maultsby, Maxie C. & Wirga, Mariusz. (1998). Behavioral Therapy. Howard University College of Medicine. www.arcobem.com/publications/Beh-Tx.htm. Parrott, L., III. (2003). Counseling and psychotherapy (2nd ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Thomson/Brooks/Cole. Smith, M.A., M., Segal, M.A., R., & Segal, Ph.D.,

Contributions made to the United States from women Essay

?Prior to the civil war a variety of individuals such as women, Native Americans, and African Americans provided a number of contributions that benefitted the country. The women raised children, did all of the household chores, and even served in the military. The Native Americans provided colonists with their new knowledge of agriculture, and the African Americans provided labor to most farmers. Women contributed a great deal to this country. During the time before the civil war women were providing more for this country than they ever have in the past. While still performing the difficult tasks of raising children and doing household chores, women began to take on more roles that were usually left for the men. They ran inns, taverns, shipbuilding companies, imported and exported goods and even owned businesses. Women contributed during the American Revolution by helping either providing healthcare or actually serving in the army. Many women fought in the war themselves, although some had to pretend to be men to do so. Women had a great impact in the outcome of that war. Another set of individuals who helped contribute to America was the Native Americans. Upon the arrival of the first colonists the Natives began teaching them the basics of agriculture and survival. They taught them how to grow several different types of crops as well as how to fish, hunt and forge for other food. Additionally, some of the natives even helped protect the colonists from other not so friendly natives. Without the Natives the colonists may not have survived long enough to build the nation that they did. African Americans also contributed a lot to the country. African Americans were the main source of labor throughout the United States before the civil war. Most farmers relied solely on their slaves to plant, grow, and harvest their crops. With the use of slaves, farmers were able to plant more crops and harvest them faster. By having servants to help do household chores, African Americans also helped make the lives of women easier. The country benefitted greatly from these three groups of individuals. By providing something different these three groups shaped the country into what it is today.

My Personal Ethics and What They Mean to Me Essay

Everyone has their own personal ethics, for me this means being honest to my self in everything I do. I use my personal ethics to help in making choices that affect every aspect of my life. Personal ethics for me mean that I choose to be who I am and don’t let others effect the way I think or behave. Ethics are what makes us who we are and how we react to situations. In school it is important to have personal ethics, this helps us to be honest, uphold the academic integrity, and be able to follow the rules that are set for us. When at work, home or while dealing with others your personal ethics come into play. People don’t even realize that they use these every day to make choices that will affect them. I always think before I say something and how it will affect the other person. There are some who do not do this however, and for them their personal ethics are different. I find it hard to understand those who do not have the same kind of personal ethics as myself. I know the reason why others do not think as I do, but it is hard to understand when someone is mean or dishonest and thinks nothing of it. I have always tried to be an honest and caring person. I take care of others and I am responsible for a lot of their personal items. I have to deal with small amounts of their money, cell phones, clothing, and jewelry every day. Without my ethics I would think nothing of taking things that didn’t belong to me. I know that I have had coworkers who have done this and I hate that it happened. They of course are no longer working here. It amazes me that people have bad personal ethics that they can even think about doing something to someone who has been placed in their care. I will as long as I live use my personal ethics to make me a better person to all I come in contact with.

Family Factors That Influence Students’ Behavior in School

The traditional family structure has changed over the years because of divorce, single parent homes, two-career families and financial hardship. In an unstable environment, a child may act out causing disruptive behavior in school. School personnel deal with each student on an individual basis to figure out what factors are influencing their disruptive behavior. It is worthy to note, family factors attribute to a broad spectrum of negative student behavior in school. Sponsored Link Free online learning Inspiring new ways to teach your students STEMFamily DynamicsThe first teacher in every child's life is his parent. Studies indicate that parental expectations towards education is evident in a child's behavior. This is true no matter the type of family dynamics. Children with parents who nurture learning in a positive encouraging way have a better chance of succeeding in school. Too much encouragement or a parent with a negative, non-caring attitude towards learning may lead to an und ue pressure on the child causing anxiety, stress, underachievement and rebellion. Divorce It is not uncommon for children in a divorce situation to have behavioral issues in school.Divorce causes distress within a child. Their mind wanders and worries about the divorce situation. Guilt, feelings of loss, dislike of a parent or parents within the divorce situation may cause a child's mind to wander during school hours. Possible behavioral issues include aggression, loss of friends, isolation, intolerance for authority, and lack of tenacity to complete assignments. Financial Hardship The socio-economic status of a family plays a role in a student's behavior. There are numerous educational advantages for children from well-to-do families, even though they may have behavioral issues in school.It is, however, more likely that a child who lives in poverty or in the lower end of the middle-class will repeat a grade, be suspended or may be expelled or drop out from school. Violence and Abus e The National School Safety and Security Services states children who come from abusive homes harbor violent tendencies. Violence or mental abuse between parents or between parent to child manifests within a child to create a fearful environment. The child learns that violence or mental abuse is the answer to numerous situations, and may cause aggressive, disruptive and violent actions within the school system.Children exposed to sexual abuse and those that have been sexually abused may resort to sexual acts at an early age or they may attempt to force sexual acts on others. How Can Behavior Affect Academics for Students? Academic achievement isn't always an absolute measure of a student's intelligence. Instead, a variety of factors, such as teacher involvement, parental investment, school quality and student motivation, can affect academic life. Student behavior also plays a major role in academic achievement. A student's behavior can affect her ability to learn as well as other s tudents' learning environment.Sponsored Link Free online learning Inspiring new ways to teach your studentsDisruptive BehaviorStudents who behave disruptively by bullying other students, talking during lectures or by requiring the teacher to interrupt lessons to discipline them can have a negative effect on an entire classroom. A 2010 study published in â€Å"American Economic Journal: Applied Economics† found that disruptive students can lower the test scores and academic achievement of an entire classroom.Teachers who have disruptive students in their classroom may have to spend additional time on behavioral management, reducing the time the teachers spend teaching. Impulse Control Neurologists Sam Wang and Sandra Aamodt argue in their book â€Å"Welcome to Your Child's Brain† that impulse control is one of the most significant factors predicting academic success. Students with poor impulse control have more difficulty motivating themselves to study, do homework and listen in class. This can decrease their ability to excel academically, even when they perform well on IQ and achievement tests.Wang and Aamodt emphasize that rule-setting and teaching frustration tolerance play critical roles in helping children develop impulse control. Student Motivation Even the best teachers can't force a student to learn if the student is completely unmotivated. Student motivation can determine whether a student studies or does her homework, whether she seeks additional help when she needs it and how carefully she listens in class. A 2006 paper published in â€Å"Annual Review of Psychology† emphasized the role that student motivation plays in learning and found that unmotivated students tend to perform more poorly.The textbook â€Å"Child Psychology† cites research from developmental psychologist Albert Banudra indicating that children who are internally motivated are more likely to excel than children who require external motivation in the form of punishments and rewards. Mental Health Disorders Learning disorders and mental health problems such as attention deficit disorder, dyslexia, autism and oppositional defiant disorder can dramatically affect student behavior. Students with oppositional defiant disorder, for example, struggle to accept authority and may frequently defy teachers and parents, according to â€Å"Child Psychology.†Students who need mental health interventions, occupational therapy or psychoactive drugs may behave poorly in class even when teachers have excellent classroom control. This can affect these students' ability to learn, and students with some disorders may be unable to achieve good grades in typical classrooms. Things That Affect Children's Behavior Many aspects of a child's life affect his behavior. Home and school experiences play a critical role — they shape the way a child develops socially, emotionally, physically and intellectually as well as how he learns to cope in diffic ult circumstances.Within these two environments, sleep, diet, peers and parent discipline each affect behavior. Sponsored Link Natural ADD/ADHD Relief Relieve ADD/ADHD Symptoms Fast with Safe & Homeopathic Synaptol ®. synaptol-for-adhd. hellolife. net Sleep According to the National Sleep Foundation, sleep is â€Å"the primary activity of the brain during early development. † According to an article at CNN. com, a study published in the journal â€Å"Pediatrics† shows that â€Å"sleepy school children make crabby classmates, while students who get plenty of sleep are better behaved.†The study was performed by Reut Gruber, director of the Attention Behavior and Sleep Lab at the Douglas Research Center in Quebec, Canada. For one week, half the children in a class went to bed earlier than the other half. They were healthy children with no prior sleep or behavioral issues. Teachers noticed significant differences in the children's behavior. Students who slept less were overtired, impulsive and irritable. They had much more difficulty handling their emotions. Children who got more sleep were more resilient and alert. Diet A child's diet can also influence his behavior.In 1970, Ben Feingold created a diet that eliminated artificial colors, flavors, sweeteners and preservatives. It was intended as a treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Feingold suspected that such artificial ingredients led to hyperactivity in children. WebMD notes that â€Å"while most scientific studies have disproved Feingold's theory, some parents who have tried the elimination diet have reported an improvement in their child's behavior. † A new study performed in 2007 supported the theory. Claudia Wallis, in a â€Å"Time† article titled â€Å"Hyper Kids?Cut Out Preservatives,† discusses this study, which was published in the British medical journal â€Å"The Lancet. † The study found that common food dyes and the preservative sodium benzoate can cause children to become hyperactive and distracted. Peers Peers play a powerful role in how a child behaves. Young children learn a lot about behavior through observation and often copy each other. For instance, if a child cleans up his toys in a classroom and gets positive feedback from a teacher, another child might be encouraged to clean up her toys.If a  child throws food and other children laugh, another child might then want to throw food, too. Peer influence on adolescents might be even more powerful. A study performed by researchers at the University of Western Ontario and published in the July/August 2007 issue the â€Å"Child Development† journal showed that a teenager's desire to fit in and be part of a popular group played a role in his behavior. While being part of a group can lead to positive feelings and actions, being part of a deviant group can lead to riskier behaviors in adolescents.Parent Discipline AbilityPath. org describes the aff ect of consistent positive discipline on behavior in an article titled â€Å"Positive Discipline and Guidance for Children. † The goal of positive discipline is to guide your child to behave in socially acceptable ways. The article reviews several parent discipline styles. The authoritarian style emphasizes obedience and might include corporal punishment. This style of discipline can lead to insecure or aggressive behavior in children and an inability to make decisions, according to the site.The neglectful style, in which parents are minimally involved with their children, can cause low self-esteem, little trust in people and trouble learning new skills. The permissive style of discipline lacks structure. Permissive parents rarely enforce rules and tend to allow children to do whatever they please. Children parented in this way may have difficulty handling their emotions and may be less mature. Lastly, an authoritative-democratic –or positive — parenting style i nvolves teaching children to take responsibility for their actions. Appropriate expectations and consequences are made clear.Good behavior is encouraged, modeled and supported. This type of discipline promotes self-control and influences how a child makes decisions and interacts with the world around him. Behavior problems can affect a child's ability to learn and retain new information. Behavior problems at a young age can even predict future academic problems. Children who exhibit behavior problems at age 6 are more likely to struggle in math and reading at age 17, according to a study published in Pediatrics. Address behavior problems as early as possible to increase your child's chances of academic success. Sponsored Link ADD/ADHDNatural ReliefEnjoy Fast ADD/ADHD Symptom Relief with Safe & Homeopathic Synaptol ®. synaptol-for-adhd. hellolife. net Examples of Behavior Problems That Interfere With Learning Hyperactivity Hyperactive children have difficulty staying seated, which makes it difficult to complete school work. Hyperactive children also tend to be forgetful, according to the Johns Hopkins Medicine website. Children who forget things repeatedly struggle to memorize information, making learning very difficult. Hyperactive children may have difficulty participating in quiet activities, such as reading or writing, because they often talk incessantly.Hyperactivity causes children to shift their attention from one activity to another quickly, which poses challenges to a child trying to complete an assignment or task. Impulsivity Impulsive children may disrupt the entire classroom by blurting out answers without raising their hand. Children who answer homework and test questions by writing down the first answer that comes to mind, may score poorly on their assignments. Impulsive children struggle to think ahead, plan and problem-solve effectively, according to Michelle Anthony at Scholastic. com. These impulsive behaviors often interfere with learning a nd applying new concepts.Other impulsive behaviors, such as physical aggression or talking in class, may require disciplinary action that results in a child's removal from the classroom. Inattention Inattention deters a child from being able to focus on a single task. Instead of paying attention to the teacher, a child with attention problems may be watching other children, playing with things in his desk or just staring out the window. At home, children with attention problems may take a long time to complete their homework or they may not have enough mental energy to complete their assignments.Attention problems can also interfere with organization. An inattentive child may forget his homework or lose his assignments. Oppositional Behavior Children with oppositional behavior argue with adults and refuse to follow rules. Oppositional children also struggle to take responsibility for their mistakes, according to the John Hopkins Medicine website. An oppositional child may refuse to attempt any of his work. He may also refuse refuse to participate in certain activities, such as group projects.At home, oppositional children may argue with parents about homework and may refuse to put any effort into completing assignments. What Are the Factors That Affect Academic Achievement of Students? Factors that affect academic achievement include their level of intelligence. Social factors can greatly impact the academic achievements of children as well. Some social factors that should be monitored include aspiration levels, academic inclination, peer relations, social class, and home conditions. What are the factors that affect academic achievement of students?

Is Command and Control an Effective Management Style Essay - 4

Is Command and Control an Effective Management Style - Essay Example It is inappropriate for managers and  hence  managers should  consider  other management styles. There are other management styles, which are distinctively different from the command and control  style. They have proven effects on the positive change and  performance  of a company. These are not the days of considering  people  as working machines. People need to be managed and accorded respect  as being valuable to the company. Jackson K & Rowley C (2010, 136),  assert  that management styles such as the  modern  consultative and laissez-faire, are  extremely  productive. These and other methods  welcome  the ideas of the subjects in problem-solving. They are  advantageous  in that they  wholly  solve the problems that affect every  member, unlike the command and control. The command and  control  favor one side. The command and control are short of participation. Managers should be  analytical  in their ruling. This means that t hey should know the  root  of the problem, ask the why and how to solve them satisfactorily.The mind of a human  being  is highly  productive  when in a relaxed state. It is what controls the  body. When disturbed, then the outcome of the work done will not be  effective. It can be clearly seen from the video by Job Stains (public conversation website, n.d.), on the public conversation project that, threatening the  mind  leads to a state of relaxation leading to the production of hormones. These hormones  make  the  person  fight back or  decide  not to  react  to the threat. In the process, there are no results obtained as well as conflicts solved. The use of narrative as indicated by the narrative therapist (Morgan, 2000) can be a better way of managing people. Talking of the positive things is healthier than dwelling on the negatives. People interested in the things they consider  valuable  and not what discourages them.